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61.
相转移催化氧化合成苯甲酸 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
苯甲酸一般由甲苯氧化而成 ,工业上采用液相空气氧化生产苯甲酸[1 ] 。KMnO4氧化甲苯制备苯甲酸的方法是在实验室中最常见的一种方法[2 ] ,该法的优点是反应条件温和 ,操作简便 ;其缺点是反应时间长 ,产率低 (低于 40 % ) [3] 。为了提高KMnO4氧化法的产率 ,本文采用十六烷基三丁基溴化磷 (HDTBP)和苄基三乙基氯化铵(BTEA)作相转移催化剂氧化甲苯制备苯甲酸 ,具有时间短 ,收率高等优点。同时又考虑到HDTBP的催化效果虽然好 ,但价格昂贵 ,因此本文采用价廉易得的苄基三乙基氯化铵 (BTEA)作相转移催化剂氧化甲苯制… 相似文献
62.
Rosario De Lisi Mario Goffredi Vincenzo Turco Liveri 《Journal of solution chemistry》1981,10(5):351-356
The conductances of dilute aqueous solutions of KCl, KBr, and KI have been measured over the temperature range 2 to 8°C and have been analyzed by the Fuoss-Hsia equation. The ionic Walden products at infinite dilution have been discussed in terms of local viscosity. The temperature dependence of these products suggest that near the temperature of maximum density of water, the structure-breaking ability of these ions changes in a regular way. 相似文献
63.
O. D. Bonner 《Journal of solution chemistry》1982,11(5):315-324
Osmotic and activity coefficients are reported for sorbitol over the range 1.8–11.1m with NaCl as the reference and 1.8–7.6m with KCl as the reference electrolyte. The osmotic coefficients over the range 0–3.7m are identical with those reported earlier by Robinson. It was found that the activity coefficients of sorbitol are uniformly about four percent lower than those of dextrose. Activity coefficients of trace quantities of NaCl in concentrated sorbitol solutions are about one-half of their value in pure NaCl solutions while the activity coefficients of trace quantities of sorbitol in concentrated NaCl solutions are about one-third of their value in pure sorbitol solutions. Potassium chloride lowers the activity coefficient of sorbitol less than does sodium chloride in solutions of similar water activity. Sorbitol lowers the activity coefficients of potassium chloride in concentrated solution but actually elevates them in dilute solutions. 相似文献
64.
Francesco Malatesta Giacomo Carrara Maria Perla Colombini Ambrogio Giacomelli 《Journal of solution chemistry》1993,22(8):733-749
The activity coefficients of Co(en)3Cl3 and K2SO4 were measured by means of a cell with ion-exchange liquid membranes following the method described in paper I. The results prove that this method is even more valuable with multicharged salts than with 1-1 electrolytes. The values obtained are precise and reliable down to dilution limits never before accessible, e.g., 4×10–5 mol-kg–1 in Co(en)3Cl3. High dilution levels are of particular importance when dealing with highly charged electrolytes since the trend at higher concentrations often leads to errors both in extrapolation to infinite dilution and in the absolute activity coefficients. As an application, the activity coefficients of [Co(en)3]2(SO4)3-suspected to be wrongly evaluated in past literature-were measured, and their values at low concentrations were actually lower than those quoted before. 相似文献
65.
Amorphous kaolinite derivatives were prepared through mixing kaolinite with HCOOK and KOH solution. Ki-netics of kaolinite being turned into amorphous derivatvies was investigated by XRD. It showed that the transfor-mation included dynamic and diffuse controlling stages. And the active energy E1=26.8kJ·mol-1; E2=12.2 kJ·mol-1. TEM and SEM images showed that particle size of the amorphous derivatives was about 50nm. And the amorphous derivatives seemed like alumnsilicate gel, accompanied by some aggregates. 相似文献
66.
67.
Okunev A. G. Sharonov V. E. Gubar" A. V. Danilova I. G. Paukshtis E. A. Moroz E. M. Kriger T. A. Malakhov V. V. Aristov Yu. I. 《Russian Chemical Bulletin》2003,52(2):359-363
Sorption of CO2 in the presence of water vapor by the K2CO3—-Al2O3 composite sorbent was studied by IR spectroscopy in situ, X-ray diffraction analysis, and the differentiating dissolution method and reasons for a decrease in its dynamic capacity are given. The samples containing K2CO3·1.5H2O in pores are characterized by the maximal dynamic capacity. A mechanism for CO2 sorption was proposed, which qualitatively explains the obtained dependence of the capacity on the water content in the composite sorbent. A high dynamic capacity can be maintained by regeneration of the sorbents by water vapor at 170 °N. The capacity of the sorbents decreases during the first 10 sorption—regeneration cycles due to the formation of an inactive phase of potassium aluminum carbonate. 相似文献
68.
Synthesis of potassium bismuth titanate ferroelectric by heating of mixtures prepared using oxide precursors, i.e. Bi2O3, TiO2 and K2CO3 was investigated. DTA, TG, XRD and SEM methods were used to study the formation of intermediate compounds and the final product.
Usage of associated homogenization and grinding of precursors mixture permits to decrease the temperature of formation of
K0.5Bi0.5TiO3.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
69.
The results of conductance measurements on pyridinium picrate, tetraphenylo-sonium picrate, potassium picrate, tetraphenylantimony picrate, tetrapropylam-monium, tetrafluoroborate, tetramethylammonium hexafluorophosphate ion association noncoulombic interaction in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at 25°C in the concentration range 1–15×10–4 M are reported. The data were analyzed by the Justice modification of the Fuoss–Hsia equation. Except for pyridinium picrate all salts studied were found to be associated.Application of the Justice Barthel–Bjerrum model of ion association permitted calculation of the noncoulombic portion of the potential of mean force, W
±. Ionic limiting conductances were calculated for six ions using known values of previously determined transport numbers. A table of most current limiting ionic conductances for a variety of ions in DMSO at 25°C has been established. 相似文献
70.