Selectivity of a Resorcinarene Host for Pentanol Isomers

The resorcinarene host H=1⁴,1⁶,5⁴,5⁶-tetrahydroxy-2,4,6,8-tetrapentyl-3⁴,3⁶,7⁴,7⁶-tetra(p-toluenesulfonyloxy)-1,3,5,7(1,3)-tetrabenzenacyclooctaphane was found to form inclusion compounds with seven pentanol isomers, namely 1-pentanol (H·2(1PENT)), 2-pentanol (H·2(2PENT)), 3-pentanol (H·2(3PENT)), 2-methyl-1-butanol (H·2(2M1B)), 3-methyl-1-butanol (H·2(3M1B)), 2-methyl-2-butanol (H·2(2M2B)) and 3-methyl-2-butanol (H·2(3M2B)). These compounds were characterized by thermal analysis, which showed that they all have host-guest (H:G) ratios of 1:2, and their structures were elucidated and compared. Competition experiments were carried out to investigate the selectivity of this host for some of the pentanol guests and thereby investigate the capability of this host for the separation of pentanol isomers.     

Synthesis of a phloroacetophenon[4]arene consisting of four isomers via the one-pot,acid-catalysed condensation of phloroacetophenone with benzaldehyde

A phloroacetophenon[4]arene (3) consisting of four isomers was synthesised for the first time via the condensation of phloroacetophenone and benzaldehyde in a one-pot reaction with refluxing toluene in the presence of catalytic amounts of TsOH·H₂O for a maximum yield of 64%. The conformational elucidation of four isomers (3a–d) by ¹H NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystal structure analysis showed them to be cone, partial cone, 1,3-alternate and 1,2-alternate types of conformations, respectively.     

Structural determination of nerve agent markers using gas chromatography mass spectrometry after derivatization with 3‐pyridyldiazomethane

Nerve agents are a class of organophosphorous chemicals that are prohibited under the Chemical Weapons Convention. Their degradation products, phosphonic acids, are analyzed as markers of nerve agent contamination and use. Because the phosphonic acids are non‐volatile and very polar, their identification by GC‐MS requires a derivatization step prior to analysis. Standard derivatization methods for gas‐chromatography electron‐impact mass‐spectrometry analysis give very similar spectra for many alkyl phosphonic acid isomers, which complicates the identification process. We present a new reagent, 3‐pyridyldiazomethane, for preparing picolinyl ester derivatives of alkyl methylphosphonic acids facilitating the determination of their structure by enhancing predictable fragmentation of the O‐alkyl chain. This fragmentation is directed by the nitrogen nucleus of the pyridyl moiety that abstracts hydrogen from the O‐alkyl chain, inducing radical cleavage of the carbon–carbon bonds and thereby causing extensive fragmentation that can be used for detailed structure elucidation of the O‐alkyl moiety. The separability of related isomers was tested by comparing the spectra of the picolinyl esters formed from twelve hexyl methylphosphonic acid isomers. Spectral library matches and principal component analysis showed that the picolinyl esters were more effectively separated than the corresponding trimethylsilyl derivatives used in the standard operating procedures. The suggested method will improve the unambiguous structural determination process for phosphonic acids. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Experimental and theoretical NMR and IR studies of the side-chain orientation effects on the backbone conformation of dehydrophenylalanine residue

Conformation of N-acetyl-(E)-dehydrophenylalanine N', N'-dimethylamide (Ac-(E)-ΔPhe-NMe(2)) in solution, a member of (E)-α, β-dehydroamino acids, was studied by NMR and infrared spectroscopy and the results were compared with those obtained for (Z) isomer. To support the spectroscopic interpretation, the Φ, Ψ potential energy surfaces were calculated at the MP2/6-31 + G(d,p) level of theory in chloroform solution modeled by the self-consistent reaction field-polarizable continuum model method. All minima were fully optimized by the MP2 method and their relative stabilities were analyzed in terms of π-conjugation, internal H-bonds and dipole interactions between carbonyl groups. The obtained NMR spectral features were compared with theoretical nuclear magnetic shieldings, calculated using Gauge Independent Atomic Orbitals (GIAO) approach and rescaled to theoretical chemical shifts using benzene as reference. The calculated indirect nuclear spin-spin coupling constants were compared with available experimental parameters.     

Synthesis and ring-opening metathesis of tetraalkoxy-substituted [2.2]paracyclophane-1,9-dienes

Tetraalkoxy-substituted [2.2]paracyclophane-1,9-dienes can be prepared in three steps from dithia[3.3]paracyclophanes. A mixture of pseudo-geminal and pseudo-ortho diastereomers is produced and the pure compounds can be separated by fractional crystallization. The solid state structures of these diastereomers reveal strongly distorted aromatic rings consistent with high levels of ring strain. Reaction of these diastereomers with the second generation Grubbs catalyst shows that only the pseudo-geminal isomer can be ring opened to give cis,trans-distrylbenzenes. The origin of this selectivity is discussed and the photoisomerization of the as-formed cis,trans-product to the all trans isomer is demonstrated.     

高效液相色谱法分离双手性中心β-氨基酮旋光异构体

建立了使用AE. Lichrom AM 1手性色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm)直接拆分含有双手性中心的β-氨基酮类化合物的4个旋光异构体的方法。考察了流动相的极性大小、洗脱方式及流速等因素对异构体拆分的影响,确定了分离β-氨基酮类化合物异构体的最佳分离条件: 流动相为正己烷/异丙醇,洗脱模式为二元高压梯度洗脱,流速为1 mL/min。在上述色谱条件下,完成了4种含双手性中心的β-氨基酮类化合物的4个旋光异构体的基线分离(Rs＞1.5)。结果表明该方法可快捷、简便地分离双手性中心β-氨基酮类化合物的4个旋光异构体。     

七(2,3,6-三-O-甲氧甲基)-β-环糊精的合成及其在气相色谱分离中的应用

将甲氧甲基引入β-环糊精的2,3,6-位合成了新的气相色谱手性固定相七(2,3,6-三-O-甲氧甲基)-β-环糊精,并采用静态法将其涂渍在毛细管内壁制备毛细管气相色谱柱。考察了毛细管柱的柱性能和分离性能。结果表明该固定相对Grob试剂、苯的二取代位置异构体(硝基甲苯、溴甲苯、二氯苯和二甲苯)及手性化合物(2-羟基丙酸甲酯、2-羟基丙酸乙酯和2-甲磺酰基丙酸甲酯)都具有良好的分离效果。与固定相2,3,6-三-O-甲基-β-环糊精的手性分离效果对比,结果显示两种手性固定相的分离能力各异,对一些手性脂类化合物对映体的分离存在互补性。     

HPLC法拆分高效盖草能乳油中吡氟氯禾灵的光学异构体

建立了高效盖草能乳油中有效成分精吡氟氯禾灵的快速、准确的高效液相色谱分析方法;在流动相为正已烷-异丙醇（体积比70：30）,流速1.0mL/min,检测波长为280nm,柱温为25℃时,高效盖草能乳油中吡氟氯禾灵的光学异构体在Chiralcel OK柱得到很好分离;方法的标准偏差和相对标准偏差分别为0.46g/L和0.43%