柱前衍生高效液相色谱法测定猪肉中5种青霉素残留量

样品采用乙腈直接提取,离心分离及用液-液分配和固相萃取（C18柱）净化方式,经衍生后,用液相色谱紫外检测器测定猪肉中5种青霉素残留量。使用的分离柱是Nova Pak C18柱,流动相为乙腈和磷酸盐混合液。方法检出限0.02mg/kg,回收率为70.9%-96.5%,相对标准偏差为3.10%-6.71%。     

基于增强型脂质去除固相小柱净化结合液相色谱-串联质谱法测定猪肉和猪肝中的双甲脒农药及其代谢物

建立了采用增强型脂质去除(EMR-Lipid)固相小柱净化结合液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)测定猪肉和猪肝中双甲脒 (AMZ) 及其3种代谢物2,4-二甲基苯胺(DMA)、单甲脒(DMPF)和2,4-二甲基苯基甲酰胺(DMF)残留量的方法。 样品经乙腈蛋白沉淀及盐析提取,通过Captiva EMR-Lipid 过滤小柱净化,滤膜过滤后,采用Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C₁₈柱(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.8 μm)分离,以0.1%甲酸水溶液与0.1%甲酸乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾离子源正离子方式扫描,多反应监测模式进行检测。 结果表明,在猪肝与猪肉中AMZ、DMA线性范围为1～200 μg/kg,DMPF和DMF的线性范围为0.1～200 μg/kg,相关系数(R²)均大于0.991;AMZ、DMA、DMPF和DMF的方法定量限(S/N=10)分别为0.6、0.6、0.05、0.05 μg/kg;对空白猪肉和猪肝进行0.1、1、5、50 μg/kg 4个浓度水平的加标实验,回收率在60.2%～127.4%之间,相对标准偏差均低于12%。 该方法简便、快捷,适用于猪肉和猪肝中双甲脒及其代谢物残留量的同时测定。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定猪肉中的阿维菌素类、地克珠利、妥曲珠利及其代谢物残留

建立了猪肉中阿维菌素、伊维菌素、多拉菌素、莫西菌素、乙酰氨基阿维菌素等5种阿维菌素类药物以及地克珠利、妥曲珠利、妥曲珠利砜、妥曲珠利亚砜等4种均三嗪类药物及其代谢物残留的高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法。样品采用乙腈提取,ODS粉分散固相萃取净化,经Venusil ASB C18色谱柱(150 mm×2.1 mm, 3.0 μm)分离,电喷雾串联四极杆质谱多反应离子监测方式测定。9种分析物在0.005～0.2 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.990。猪肉基质中9种分析物在0.005、0.01、0.02 mg/kg加标水平下,回收率为73.2%～91.5%,相对标准偏差为12%～17%。该方法稳定、可靠,可满足猪肉中阿维菌素类、均三嗪类药物残留的检测与确证。     

Quasi-adiabatic compression heating of selected foods

The quasi-adiabatic temperature increase due to compression heating, during high-pressure (HP) processing (HPP), was studied using specially designed equipment. The temperature increase was evaluated as the difference in temperature, during compression, between atmospheric pressure and nominal pressure. The temperature was measured using a thermocouple in the center of a polyoxymethylene cup, which contained the sample. Fresh meat balls, pork meat pate, and tomato purée temperature increases were measured at three initial temperature levels between 40 and 80 °C. Nominal pressure was either 400 or 500 MPa. Results showed that the fat content had a positive effect on temperature increases. Empirical equations were developed to calculate the temperature increase during HPP at different initial temperatures for pressures of 400 and 500 MPa. This thermal effect data can be used for numerical modeling of temperature histories of foods during HP-assisted pasteurization or sterilization processes.     

QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测猪肉中121种兽药

建立了QuEChERS结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)同时检测猪肉中 β -激动剂类、氯霉素类、阿维菌素类、磺胺类、氟喹诺酮类、硝基咪唑类、头孢类、四环素类、大环内酯类和聚醚类等10余类121种兽药的分析方法。样品经Na₂EDTA-McIlvaine缓冲溶液(pH=4)和乙腈提取,无水硫酸钠盐析,上清液分为两组,分别用不同的QuEChERS净化剂净化。使用电喷雾离子(ESI)源,在多反应监测(MRM)扫描模式下检测。5种兽药采用内标法定量,其余116种兽药采用外标法定量。121种兽药在0.02~40 μg/L范围内线性关系良好(r>0.99),定量限(S/N=10)为0.05~10 μg/kg。LOQ加标水平下,121种兽药中8种兽药的回收率为41.7%~59.6%,相对标准偏差为1.7%~13.5%; 10种兽药的回收率为122.6%~163.2%,相对标准偏差为0.6%~14.8%;其余103种兽药的回收率为60.3%~118.3%,相对标准偏差为0.4%~16.7%。该方法可对性质差别大的多类别兽药同时进行分析,在节约成本和保证检测周期方面具有突出的优势。     

冷鲜猪肉的三维荧光光谱特征研究

利用三维荧光光谱技术,研究了冷鲜猪肉三维荧光光谱特征,主要探讨了不同温度存储条件下冷鲜猪肉荧光峰的位置和荧光峰所处区域内荧光强度平均值随存储时间变化的规律,并初步判断了荧光物质的种类,为实现基于三维荧光光谱技术快速、无损检测冷鲜猪肉新鲜度奠定了理论基础。实验结果表明,不同温度存储条件下样本的三维荧光光谱图中均含有2个明显的荧光峰（Peak A和Peak B）,它们所在位置的激发波长（λ_ex）/发射波长（λ_em）范围分别为：λ_ex/λ_em约为250～310 nm/300～400 nm和约为300～450 nm/400～550 nm。其中,Peak A为类蛋白荧光,Peak B为脂质氧化产物荧光。此外,实验还发现,两个荧光峰在各自所处区域内荧光强度的平均值随存储时间变化的趋势不受存储温度影响,均是Peak A在λ_ex/λ_em=250～310 nm/300～400 nm区域内荧光强度的平均值（I_A）逐渐下降,Peak B在λ_ex/λ_em=300～450 nm/400～550 nm区域内荧光强度的平均值（I_B）逐渐上升。但I_A和I_B的变化速率受存储温度影响,冷藏条件下比室温条件下变化慢。     

Chemometric Analysis of Fatty Acid Composition of Raw Chicken,Beef, and Pork Meat with Plant Extract Addition during Refrigerated Storage

During the shelf-life, meat undergoes a number of processes that negatively affect the quality of the product, including fatty acid composition. The application of various plant extracts in meat could affect the changes of fatty acids during storage. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of various spice and herb extracts on fatty acid composition in raw pork, beef, and chicken meat when stored at 4 °C for 13 days. Based on multivariate statistical analysis, two datasets were extracted from each type of meat. One dataset included samples with allspice, bay leaf, black seed, cardamom, caraway, clove, and nutmeg with the high share of total MUFA (monounsaturated fatty acids) in chicken and pork meat and high MUFA and PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acids) contribution in beef meat after storage. The second dataset included basil, garlic, onion, oregano, rosemary, and thyme with high PUFA share in chicken and pork meat and high SFA (saturated fatty acids) contribution in beef meat. From the regression analysis, a significant effect of time on fatty acid composition in meat was reported. Generally, the rates of fatty acid changes were dependent on the plant extract incorporated into the meat. The most visible effect of plant extracts was obtained in chicken meat. In chicken meat with plant extracts, the rates of SFA and PUFA changes with time were slower compared to the control sample. In summary, the fatty acid composition of intramuscular fat varied during storage, and the addition of plant extracts significantly affected the rate of these changes, which was dependent on the meat matrix.     

近红外光谱法快速检测猪肉中挥发性盐基氮的含量

为了实现快速无损地检测猪肉新鲜度的目的,应用近红外光谱法测定猪肉新鲜度重要指标一挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)的含量.猪肉原始光谱经标准偏差归一化方法(SNV)预处理后,用联合区间偏最小二乘法(siPLS)建立猪肉预处理后光谱和TVB-N含量的校正模型并与经典偏最小二乘法(PLS)模型、间隔偏最小二乘法(iPLS)模型作比较.试验结果表明,利用联合区间偏最小二乘法所建的预测模型最佳,其校正集相关系数(Rc)和交瓦验证均方根误差(fRv)分别为0.8332和3.75,预测集的相关系数(Rp)和预测均方根误差(fRP)分别为0.8238和4.17.研究结果表明利用近红外光谱和联合区间偏最小二乘法可以快速地测定猪肉中挥发性盐基氮的含量.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测猪肉和猪肾中残留的10种镇静剂类药物

建立了猪肉和猪肾中安眠酮、氯丙嗪、异丙嗪、地西泮、硝西泮、奥沙西泮、替马西泮、咪达唑仑、三唑仑和唑吡旦10种镇静剂类药物残留检测的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法。样品经酶解后,调节pH值呈碱性,分别用乙酸乙酯和叔丁基甲醚进行萃取,高速冷冻离心去除脂肪等杂质。提取液经Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18色谱柱分离,以0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液和0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱。电喷雾正离子(ESI+)模式电离,多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,基质匹配标准溶液法进行定量。结果表明: 10种镇静剂在2～100 μg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r)均大于0.998; 10种镇静剂的检出限(S/N＞3)为0.5 μg/kg,定量限(S/N＞10)为1 μg/kg。3个添加水平的回收率为64.5%～111.4%,批内、批间相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于15%。该方法具有简便快捷、灵敏度高、定性准确等特点。     

猪肉中63种有机磷农药的气相色谱筛选与气质联用确证方法

建立了固相萃取-气相色谱筛选和气相色谱-质谱联用确证猪肉中63种有机磷农药的分析方法。样品用正己烷配合乙腈-水溶液均质提取,加入氯化钠继续均质,离心分层后取部分乙腈层经C18柱和PSA柱净化后供GC和GC-MS分析。气相色谱筛选采用火焰光度检测器（FPD）,气相色谱-质谱联用确证采用选择离子扫描方式（SIM）,外标法定量。该方法简便、快速,优化条件下测定方法的定量下限（S/N=10）为0.001～0.043 mg/kg,在加标水平为0.16 mg/kg时,回收率为70%～121%,相对标准偏差为4.1%～13.9%。