Headspace SPME GC/MS was used to monitor the volatile degradation products generated by syntactic polysulfide alone and in the presence of Viton A at elevated temperature. This approach allowed the identification of products from two distinct degradation mechanisms. In one degradation mechanism, which is associated with lead oxide-cured polysulfide, a single cyclic disulfide compound dominated the outgassing signature. The second mechanism was evident only when the polysulfide was in the presence of Viton A at 70 °C. In as little as 24 h, the Viton-exposed polysulfide generated multiple outgassing species indicative of an acid-catalyzed degradation process. Within one week of exposure to Viton A, the syntactic polysulfide softened significantly and lost over 6% of its initial mass, and after four weeks, the polysulfide was no longer a solid material. 相似文献
In this article, we compared the sealing strength, flexibility, thermal stability, and moisture-barrier properties of two polymeric films, both based on linear low density poly ethylene (LLDPE), which can be successfully used as sealant materials in electrical devices. One example is the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC), a low-cost third generation device, based on a photo-electrochemical system. Characterization of LLDPE modified with maleic anhydride (PE-MAH) or with ionomeric ethylene-acrylic acid co-polymer (EMAA) was carried out. Results highlighted as PE-MAH exhibits better adhesion features toward glass, higher thermal stability, and lower wet ability even at high temperatures (80?°C) compared to EMAA. Sealant’s features have been correlated to their chemical and structural composition. 相似文献
Improving the electrical conductivity of sulfur, suppressing shuttle/dissolution of polysulfide, and enhancing reaction kinetics in Li–S batteries are essential for practical applications. Here, for the first time, we have used inexpensive oleic acid as a single carbon source, and have added commercial SiO2 as a template to form a porous structure, whereas introducing Fe(NO3)3 and Ni(NO3)2 as catalysts to increase the degree of graphitization. Moreover, the dual metal salts Fe(NO3)3 and Ni(NO3)2 can also form FeNi3 alloy, and our results show that FeNi3 nanoparticles accelerate the kinetic conversion reactions of polysulfide. By virtue of the well-developed porous structure and high degree of graphitization, the highly graphitized porous carbon-FeNi3 (GPC-FeNi3) has high conductivity to ensure fast charge transfer, and the hierarchically porous structure facilitates ion diffusion and traps polysulfide. Thus, a GPC-FeNi3/S cathode displays excellent electrochemical performance. At current rates of 0.2 and 1 C, a cathode of the GPC-FeNi3/S composite with a sulfur content of 70 % delivers high initial discharge capacities of 1108 and 880 mA h g−1, respectively, and retains reversible specific capacities of 850 mA h g−1 after 200 cycles at 0.2 C and 625 mA h g−1 after 400 cycles at 1 C. 相似文献
A non-destructive analysis is performed of thermally unstable sulfur-styrene reaction products, combining preparative size exclusion chromatography (P-SEC), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The crystallizing compounds are identified as be 2,4-diphenylthiophanes with short sulfur bridge (x ∼ 2) contrary to earlier suggestions which were based on destructive analysis. A new cyclic structure (styrene polysulfide x = 1 up to 8) was assigned to the amorphous species containing a single styrene repeating unit. Comparison with the amorphous fractions suggests that the rigid ring of styrene repeating units in adjacent sequences is the characteristic feature for the crystallisability. The melting and crystallization behaviour of this crystalline component was observed, by optical microscopy (OM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), to be step-wise as well as broad, due to the variation in the length of the sulfur bridge. 相似文献
Pulmonary air leaks are medical complications of thoracic surgery for which fibrin sealant is the main treatment. In this study, innovative sealants based on hydrophobically modified Alaska pollock‐derived gelatin (hm‐ApGltn) and a poly(ethylene)glycol‐based 4‐armed cross‐linker (4S‐PEG) have been developed and their burst strengths have been evaluated using fresh rat lung. The developed sealants show higher lung burst strength compared with the nonmodified original ApGltn (Org‐ApGltn)‐based sealant and a commercial fibrin sealant. The maximum burst strength of the hm‐ApGltn‐based sealant is 1.6‐fold higher than the Org‐ApGltn‐based sealant (n = 5, p < 0.05), and 2.1‐fold higher than the commercial fibrin sealant (n = 5, p < 0.05). Cell culture experiments show that modification of ApGltn with cholesteryl or stearoyl groups effectively enhances anchoring to the cell surface. In addition, binding constants between hm‐ApGltn and extracellular matrix proteins such as fibronectin and fibrillin are increased. Therefore, the new hm‐ApGltn/4S‐PEG‐based sealant has the potential for applications in thoracic surgery.
In this work, based on castor oil (CO), flame retardant polyurethane sealants (FRPUS) with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and aluminum hypophosphite (AHP) were prepared. The synergistic flame retardant effects between APP and AHP on flame retardancy, thermal stability, and flame retardant mechanisms of FRPUS were investigated. It was found that when the mass ratio of APP and AHP was 5:1, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of FRPUS increased to 35.1%, In addition, at this ratio, the parameters from cone calorimeter testing (CCT) were reduced; these parameters include peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR), smoke production rate (SPR) and total smoke production (TSP). The thermal decomposition behavior of the FRPUS was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results showed that AHP improved the thermal stability of the PUS/APP system and increased char residue at high temperatures. Moreover, the residual carbon was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscope (SEM), gas phase pyrolysis products were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis/infrared spectrometry (TG-IR) and thermogravimetric analysis/mass spectrometry (TG-MS). It was observed that the flame retardant mechanisms of the APP/AHP system was the combination of gas and condensed phase flame retardant mechanisms. 相似文献
AbstractThere is strong demand for narrow-bezel liquid crystal displays (LCDs) in the display industry. Adhesive materials for narrow-bezel LCDs require excellent adhesive properties in order to provide the same level of adhesive strength as conventional sealants, even when applied in small amounts. In this study, we prepared a previously unknown, highly adhesive, carbon nanotube-reinforced (CNT-reinforced) UV/heat dual-curable adhesive for narrow-bezel LCDs. Single-walled and multi-walled CNTs (SWCNTs and MWCNTs) were employed as fillers, resulting in superior adhesive properties; in particular, the inclusion of SWCNTs improved both adhesion and resistance to water permeability compared to a conventional adhesive. 相似文献
Recently, emerging functions utilizing phenolic molecules, such as surface functionalizing agents or bioadhesives, have attracted significant interest. However, the most important role of phenolic compounds is to produce carbonized plant matter called “coal”, which is widely used as an energy source in nearly all countries. Coalification is a long‐term, high‐temperature process in which phenols are converted into conducting carbonized matter. This study focuses on mimicking coalification processes to create conducting sealants from non‐conducting phenolic compounds by heat treatment. We demonstrate that a phenolic adhesive, tri‐hydroxybenzene (known as pyrogallol), and polyethylenimine mixture initially acts as an adhesive sealant that can be converted to a conducting carbon sealing material. The conductivity of the phenolic sealant is about 850 Ω?1 cm?1, which is an approximately two‐fold enhancement of the performance of carbon matter. Applications of the biomimetic adhesives described herein include conducting defect sealants in carbon nanomaterials and conducting binders for metal/carbon or ceramic/carbon composites. 相似文献