Innovative Combination of Dispersive Solid Phase Extraction Followed by NIR-Detection and Multivariate Data Analysis for Prediction of Total Polyphenolic Content

Recently polyphenols attracted great interest in the field of food and nutrition as well as in the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries due to their health benefits through antioxidative behavior in the human body. However, because of the high number of compounds characterized as phenols and their structural diversity, quantification of polyphenols turns out to be a highly complex task. Although, a wide variety of analytical methods are used for the determination of total polyphenolic content, they are all found to be lacking in a variety of different tasks, such as their limits of detection and quantification, repeatability, accuracy and specificity. For this reason, a novel approach combining the advantages of solid phase purification, near infrared analysis and multivariate data analysis was investigated for the prediction of total polyphenolic content, suitable for a wide range of sample matrices. Dispersive solid phase extraction was performed and optimized using polyvinylpyrrolidone as sorbent, known to selectively bind polyphenols. Near-infrared detection of adsorbed polyphenols was carried out subsequently. Furthermore, the method was in-house validated, examining selectivity, repeatability and accuracy, working range, as well as multivariate limit of detection and limit of quantification, comparing it with two routinely used methods—namely, Folin–Ciocalteu photometric assay and Löwenthal titration. The novel established method was applied for the prediction of total polyphenolic content in tea and wine samples.     

基于能动分块反射镜的两路光纤放大器相位探测及其相干合成实验研究

在光纤激光相干合成中,需要探测各路光束之间的平移误差.提出了一种条纹提取算法,利用此算法能得到准确的相位平移扰动.基于此算法,针对两路光纤放大器测量了毫瓦量级的光纤放大器的相位噪声特性,然后采用高速数字处理电路以及能动分块反射镜完成了平移相位扰动的实时校正.实验结果表明,闭环前后条纹对比度从0.09提高到0.25,平移误相位噪声强度的幅值从1053.4 nm降低到116.7 nm,系统校正精度达到1/10λ,控制带宽约为50Hz. 关键词： 能动分块反射镜 条纹提取算法 相位扰动 光纤放大器     

Characterization of Ayran Aroma Active Compounds by Solvent-Assisted Flavor Evaporation (SAFE) with Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry–Olfactometry (GC–MS–O) and Aroma Extract Dilution Analysis (AEDA)

The aroma compounds of ayran were isolated using solvent-assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE) resulting in a more representative extract of ayran odor compared to liquid–liquid extraction (LLE), solid-phase extraction (SPE), and simultaneous distillation–extraction (SDE). The aromatic extract was subjected to sensory analysis and identified and quantified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). A total of 19 volatile compounds were detected that included alcohols, aldehyde, acids, esters, ketones, and terpenes. However, the compounds present at the highest concentrations were ethyl lactate, ethanol, 2,3-butanediol, acetoin, and acetic acid. The key odorants for the ayran drinks were detected using aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) and GC–MS–olfactometry (GC–MS–O). A total of 14 aroma-active compounds were determined for the first time. The flavor dilution (FD) factors ranged between 4 and 512 while their odor activity values (OAVs) were from 1.35 to 1126.99. Ethyl lactate (FD of 512 whey/creamy), 2-methylbutanal (FD of 512, fruity), acetoin (FD of 256, buttery creamy), and butanoic acid (FD of 256, cheesy-sweet) were the strongest aroma-active components of the Ayran drink.     

多壁碳纳米管对甘草中3种有效成分的选择性吸附

考察了多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)对3种甘草有效成分异甘草苷、甘草苷和甘草酸的吸附性能。 分别用紫外分光光度法和HPLC法测定了吸附前后溶液中异甘草苷、甘草苷、甘草酸的含量,考察了静态吸附实验时间、料液起始浓度、溶液体积和pH值对各成分吸附的影响。 结果显示,MWNTs对甘草中3种主要有效成分的吸附量明显不同,对异甘草苷的吸附远大于甘草苷和甘草酸,并且不存在竞争吸附,具有明显的选择性吸附特点。     

桑叶总黄酮对蛋白质硝基化的抑制作用及其机理

研究了桑叶总黄酮对蛋白质硝化反应的抑制作用及其抑制机理.以牛血清白蛋白(BSA)为硝化底物、ONOO-为硝化试剂,pH 7.2的PBS缓冲溶液为反应体系,根据428nm处吸光度的变化来反映硝基蛋白含量的变化.实验研究发现,在37℃,pH 7.2,反应时间90min以及BSA与ONOO-终浓度比为1∶6,桑叶总黄酮的浓度为3.640×10-3 g.L-1时,对硝化反应的抑制作用最强,抑制率可达55.70%.推测其抑制机理可能是桑叶总黄酮与ONOO-直接作用或清除ONOO-均裂产生的.OH和.NO2,进而抑制硝化反应的进行,而不是还原硝基化产物.桑叶总黄酮对硝化反应较强的抑制作用,为开发桑叶总黄酮为蛋白质硝化反应的抑制剂提供了理论依据.     

桑叶提取物中槲皮素和山萘酚的含量测定

建立HPLC法测定桑叶提取物中水解槲皮素和山萘酚的含量．先用甲醇-盐酸混合液（甲醇终浓度50％,盐酸终浓度2．0mol·L^-1）水解桑叶提取物中的黄酮类成分成槲皮素和山萘酚,以HPLC法测定槲皮素和山萘酚含量．色谱柱为Diamonsil钻石C18柱,流动相为甲醇-0．2％磷酸（63：37,体积分数）,流速为1．0mL·min^-1,检测波长为370nm．结果表明槲皮素在0．84～26．8μg·mL^-1之间,山萘酚在0．44～14．2μg·mL^-1之间呈良好的线性关系,平均回收率分别为101．3％和99．5％．该测定方法准确、重复性好,可用于桑叶提取物中槲皮素和山萘酚的含量测定．     

warping变换提取单模态反演海底衰减系数

为了获得浅海海底地声模型参数,利用warping变换方法分离出单模态简正波.对于接收深度固定、定深爆炸声源情况,以简正波理论为基础定义了距离归一化的简正波传播损失,并且其随传播的距离呈线性关系,故可通过此变化规律得到声压值实部的衰减因子,进而可求得海底地声模型参数:海底衰减系数.为验证此方法的有效性,仿真了warping变换提取单模态简正波的过程,同时将warping变换提取的单模态简正波与数值计算的结果进行比较验证;并针对某次黄海试验数据进行了处理,得到在150—550 Hz频带范围内海底衰减随频率的变化规律为α=0.581f_k~(1.86)(dB/m).通过与其他学者在相同海域试验结果的对比验证,变化规律基本相同.此外不同模态间反演相同频点的衰减系数接近也较好地支撑了结果.     

高效液相色谱/质谱分析抱茎獐牙菜提取物中的苷性成分

采用高效液相色谱／质谱法（HPLC／MS）分析抱茎獐牙菜提取物中5种苷性成分。在C18柱上,以甲醇（A：含20％水）和水（B：含10％甲醇）为流动相,流速1mL／min,线性梯度洗脱B从100％到0％,35min,液相色谱-质谱质联用（LC／MS）,大气压化学电离源（APCI）,对其中5种苷性成分进行定性鉴定。经HPLC／APCIMS分析确证,抱茎獐牙菜提取物中含有獐牙菜苦苷（swertiamarin）、龙胆苦苷（gentiopicroside）、獐牙菜苷（sweroside）、异红草苷（isoorientin）和獐牙菜山酮苷（swertianolin）。采用外标法定量,回收率分别为98．3％、106．7％、92．3％、88．2％和107．3％,该方法简便、快速、准确。     

Early Diagnostics and Control of the Degree of Seriousness of Gestosis by the Concentration of Endogenous Porphyrins

Using the spectralfluorescent method, we have studied the dynamics of the presence of protoporphyrin and copropoporphyrin in the erythrocytes of the blood of women patients in the course of normal pregnancy and that complicated by gestosis of different degrees of seriousness. Considerable attention is paid to the processing of the obtained fluorescence spectra of an extracted mixture, because it is necessary for direct application of this method in medicine and biology. The results show that the fluorescent method makes it possible to determine the seriousness of gestosis and also to carry out its diagnostics at the preclinical stage.