Gas transport properties of asymmetric polyimide membranes prepared by ion‐beam irradiation

Ion beam irradiation has been widely used to modify the structure and properties of membrane surface layers. In this study, the gas permeability and selectivity of an asymmetric polyimide membrane modified by He ion irradiation were investigated using a high vacuum apparatus equipped with a Baratron absolute pressure gauge at 76 cmHg and 35 °C. Specifically, we estimated the effects of the gas diffusion and solubility on the gas permeation properties of the asymmetric membranes with the carbonized skin layer prepared by ion irradiation. The asymmetric polyimide membranes were prepared by a dry–wet phase inversion process, and the surface skin layer on the membrane was irradiated by He ions at fluences of 1 × 10¹⁵ to 5 × 10¹⁵ ions/cm² at 50 keV. The increase in the gas permeability of the He⁺‐irradiated asymmetric polyimide membrane is entirely due to an increase in the gas diffusion, and the gas selectivity increases of the membranes were responsible for the high gas diffusion selectivities. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 262–269, 2007.     

Poly(sulfonated phenylene)‐block‐Polyimide Copolymers for Fuel Cell Applications

Novel poly(2‐(3‐sulfo)benzoyl‐1,4‐phenylene)‐block‐polynaphthalimide (PSP‐b‐PI) copolymers were successfully synthesized by Ni(0)‐catalyzed copolymerization of 2,5‐dichloro‐3′‐sulfo‐benzophenone and dichloro‐terminated naphthalimide oligomer. The membranes exhibited a microphase‐separated structure and good hydrolytic stability at 130 °C. They showed a fairly strong anisotropy of membrane swelling with much smaller in‐plane swelling, but a rather weak anisotropy of proton conductivity. The membranes had a fairly high through‐plane conductivity in water and even under low relative humidity. The PSP‐b‐PI copolymer with an IEC of 1.5 meq · g⁻¹ showed high PEFC performance due to the high through‐plane conductivity.

     

A facile approach to prepare soluble side‐chain polyimides for second‐order nonlinear optics

A simple and generally applicable new synthetic method to prepare second‐order nonlinear optical (NLO) polyimides has been developed. In this approach, side‐chain‐substituted polyimides were synthesized via isocyanato‐terminated prepolymers prepared directly from NLO chromophore‐containing diols Disperse Red 19. Using this technique, the tedious synthesis of the classical diamine monomers and harsh imidization process associated with polyamic acid prepolymers are avoided. The resulting polymers possessed good solubility and high glass‐transition (171–211 °C) and thermal‐decomposition temperatures. The polymers also exhibited excellent film‐forming properties, and good optical‐quality films were easily obtained by spin coating. The second‐order NLO activities of the polymer films were also studied, and several factors that might determine the growth of the second‐order NLO activity were proposed. The polymers obtained exhibit a large second‐order NLO activity (34–52.5 pm/V at 1064 nm). © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 39: 2189–2195, 2001     

Novel synthesis of polyimide–polyhybridsiloxane block copolymers via polyhydrosilylation: Characterization and physical properties

The insertion of soft polysiloxane segments into a polyimide backbone introduces changes in its properties (processability, low surface tension, gas permeability, and lower dielectric constant). Generally, these polyimide–polysiloxane copolymers are synthesized by the condensation of a dianhydride with an aromatic diamine and an amine telechelic polysiloxane, or by transimidization between an aminopyridine‐terminated oligoimide and an amine end‐capped oligosiloxane. This study investigated another route to obtain perfectly alternating polyimide–polyhybridsiloxane (PI–PHSX) block copolymers. The hydrosilylation, widely studied previously, was performed to elaborate copolymers from an allyl telechelic polyimide and a hydrosilane telechelic polyhybridsiloxane. The use of a telechelic polyhybridsiloxane as a soft segment brought better thermostability and better chemical resistance in comparison with an oligosiloxane based on ? Si(CH₃)₂? O? units. Using the same allyl telechelic polyimide moiety but varying the size of the hybrid siloxane part, we obtained different PI–PHSX block copolymers, leading to thermoplastic elastomers (TPE). We investigated the effect of the soft‐segment length on the thermal resistance, activation energy of thermal degradation, mechanical behavior, and surface properties of a series three PI–PHSX block copolymers containing 36, 54, and 75 wt % polyimide. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 39: 2414–2425, 2001     

季胺盐对共混聚酰亚胺膜气体除湿性能的影响

季胺盐对共混聚酰亚胺膜气体除湿性能的影响;共混改性;聚酰亚胺;季胺盐;亲水性;除湿     

聚醚聚氨酯-聚醚聚酰亚胺合金相结构的研究

通过不同分子量的对－氨基苯甲酸酯封端的聚（四次亚甲基）醚和均苯甲甲酸二酐反应,合成了聚醚聚酰胺酸;然后以不同重量比将聚醚聚氨酯和聚醚聚酰胺酸溶液混合反应亚胺化,制备了一系列不同硬段含量的聚醚聚氨酯－聚醚聚酰亚胺合金。用傅立叶变换红外光谱、动态力学分析、示差扫描量热、广角Ｘ－衍射、应力应变试验等分析测试方法对合金进行了研究,结果表明聚醚聚氨酯－聚醚聚酰亚胺合金具有很好的相分离结构,是一类新型耐高温、有韧性的热塑性弹性体。聚醚分子量相同的聚氨酯和聚酰亚胺形成的合金软段相容,合金具有两相结构;聚醚分子量不同的聚氨酯和聚酰亚胺形成的合金软段存在相分离,合金具有三相结构,表现在材料外观上分别为透明不透明的韧性膜,少量聚酰亚胺的掺入,能大大增加材料的耐热性能,而合金的材料力学性能没有明显变化。     

一种含三氟甲基取代不对称芳香二胺及其可溶性透明聚醚酰亚胺 的合成与表征

以2,6-二甲基苯酚和4-硝基苯甲酰氯为起始原料, 经三步有机反应设计合成了一种含氟不对称芳香二胺: (4’-(4’’-胺基-2’’-三氟甲基苯氧基)-3’,5’-二甲基苯)-(4-胺基苯)甲酮(3); 并由该二胺单体和二苯醚四酸二酐经一步法缩聚制备了一种新型含氟聚醚酰亚胺, 其特性粘度为0.68 dL/g. 该聚醚酰亚胺表现出优良的溶解性能和光学性能: 室温下不仅可以溶于N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺等强极性溶剂中, 还能溶于低沸点的氯仿、四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷等溶剂中; 由该聚合物溶液所制的薄膜无色透明, 截断波长在352, 400 nm后具有高的透明性. 此外该聚醚酰亚胺还表现出良好的热性能和机械性能: 玻璃化转变温度在288 ℃, 氮气中起始分解温度在508 ℃; 该聚合物薄膜的拉伸强度为91 MPa, 断裂伸长率在10%～15%, 起始模量为1.7 GPa.     

聚酰亚胺复合材料与不同对偶材料滑动摩擦磨损性能

本文考察了碳纤维（CF）和固体润滑剂（LW）填充热塑性聚酰亚胺（TPI）复合材料与45^#钢、镍铬合金以及铜对摩时的摩擦磨损性能,利用SEM和光学显微镜观察磨损表面形貌.研究表明：与硬度高的钢和镍铬合金摩擦时,由于CF的增强和承载作用降低了材料的摩擦系数与磨损率,LW的加入增强了转移膜与对偶面间的结合力,进一步降低TPI的摩擦系数;与较软的铜摩擦时,由于铜偶件存在较大磨损,破坏了转移膜的稳定性,TPI及其复合材料的摩擦性能较差;TPI与钢和镍铬合金摩擦时以黏着磨损为主,与铜摩擦时以磨粒磨损为主.薄而均匀的转移膜有利于摩擦系数与磨损率的降低.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Sulfonated Polyimides from 4,6-Bis（4-aminophenoxy）-naphthalene-2-sulfonic Acid

A novel sulfonated diamine monomer, 4,6-bis（4-arninophenoxy）-naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid（BAPNS）, was synthesized. A series of sulfonated polyimide copolymers was prepared from BAPNS, 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride（NTDA） and nonsulfonated diamine 4,4＇-diaminodiphenyl ether（ODA）. Flexible, transparent, and mechanically strong membranes were obtained. The novel sulfonated polyimide（SPI） membranes show higher conductivity, for example, SPI-100 shows a conductivity of 0.0698 S/cm at 80℃（SPI-X： Xrefers to molar fraction of BAPNS）. The membranes exhibit the permeability of methanol from 2.18×10^-7 cm2/s to 2.57×10^-7 cm2/s, which is much lower than that of Nafion（2.00×10 6 cm^2/s）. The copolymers were thermally stable up to 330℃. The sulfonated polyimide copolymers also show reasonable mechanical strength; for example, the maximum tensile strength at break of the sulfonated polyimide copolymer with 100%（molar fraction） BAPNS is 1.35 GPa under high moisture condi- tions. The optimum concentration of BAPNS was found to be 100%（molar fraction） from the view point of proton conductivity, methanol permeability, and membrane stability.     

热塑性聚酰亚胺研究进展

综述了近年来国内外热塑性聚酰亚胺材料(TPI)的研究发展状况,对TPI材料的化学合成方法及其聚合物结构与性能的关系进行了分析和总结;对TPI材料今后的发展方向进行了预测。