损耗调制CO2激光脉冲的噪声特性

由于自发辐射噪声的涨落,CO2激光器的脉冲峰值强度与时间延迟密切相关。理论和实验研究发现,对于典型的B类CO2激光器,在损耗调制情况下,当脉冲峰值出现在最低腔损耗t0之前时,初始自发辐射噪声越大,相对于阈值点的第一个渡跃时间tFP越小,对应的峰值强度越小;当脉冲峰值出现在最低腔损耗t0之后时,初始自发辐射噪声越大,相对于阈值点的第一个渡跃时间tFP越小,对应的峰值强度则越大。     

同心圆环型场发射阵列阴极的粒子模拟

模拟了同心圆环型场发射阵列阴极的特性。采用时域有限差分法计算了电场,利用Fowler-Nordheim方程计算锥尖处的发射电流,利用Lorentz方程计算了电子的运动轨迹。得到了微阴极电子的运动轨迹、相空间图以及电子束的发散度、亮度等,结果表明该结构能形成良好的聚焦电子束。     

用于正电子断层扫描成像的68Ga标记PM2.5模拟粒子的制备及其活体示踪

将黑色素纳米颗粒(melanin nanoparticle,MNP)经聚乙二醇(polyethylene glycol,PEG)修饰制备得到PEG-MNP,随后通过与放射性的⁶⁸Ga³⁺离子螯合,高标记产率地制备得到⁶⁸Ga-PEG-MNP,标记产物稳定性良好。进一步将⁶⁸Ga-PEG-MNP通过雾化方式制备得到⁶⁸Ga-PEG-MNP PM_2.5(particulate matter 2.5,size<2.5μm)模拟颗粒,其经雾化小鼠吸入体内后,通过正电子断层扫描(positron emission tomography,PET)成像对小鼠进行全身显影,结果可见雾化的⁶⁸Ga-PEG-MNP PM_2.5模拟颗粒可由气管向肺部双叶区域扩散,并滞留于肺。体内的PET成像结果与离体放射自显影结果高度一致。     

金属表面荧光增强的物理增强机制

具有特殊形貌及构型的表面(如金属薄膜)能够使位于其邻近的荧光分子的荧光信号得到增强, 这种现象被称之为表面增强荧光(Surface Enhanced Fluorescence, SEF)。有关表面增强荧光效应的研究探讨已有许多报道,并先后提出了多种增强机理以试图理解和解释观测到的实验现象。本文将在总结归纳已有机理研究的基础上,从物理学的角度出发分析理解局域场增强、能量转移以及辐射衰减速率增加等理论模型,并对衬底表面与荧光分子之间的间距变化对增强效果的影响进行探讨。     

原子发射双谱线法测火焰温度的实验研究

通过光谱仪测量火焰中K(766.5,769.9 nm)原子发射谱线的相对强度比来获得火焰温度。介绍了测量原理、测量方法、实验系统。在黑体炉炉膛达到热力学平衡状态下,进行原子发射双谱线法和热电偶测温的对比实验,结果两种方法所测温度相关性较好,实验证明了该方法的可行性。用该方法测量煤粉和木材的火焰温度,结果和实际相符合。     

A GC/MS Method of Determining Airborne DI-n-Butyl- and DL(2-Ethyl Hexyl) Phthalates

An analytical technique is presented that determines the amount of airborne phthalates in a glass fiber filter. The methodology makes use of a GC/MS system that has been integrated with a dedicated mini-computer.     

Synthesis of Unsymmetric Bipyridine–PtII–Alkynyl Complexes through Post‐Click Reaction with Emission Enhancement Characteristics and Their Applications as Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes

Two unsymmetric bipyridine–platinum(II)–alkynyl complexes have been synthesised by a post‐click reaction. These metal complexes are found to exhibit emission enhancement properties. The photoluminescence quantum yield can be significantly increased from 0.03 in solution to 0.72 in solid‐state thin films. Efficient solution‐processable organic light‐emitting diodes have been fabricated by utilizing these complexes as phosphorescent dopants. A high external quantum efficiency of up to 5.8 % has been achieved.     

Dislocation unpinning model of acoustic emission from alkali halide crystals

The present paper reports the dislocation unpinning model of acoustic emission (AE) from alkali halide crystals. Equations are derived for the strain dependence of the transient AE pulse rate, peak value of the AE pulse rate and the total number of AE pulse emitted. It is found that the AE pulse rate should be maximum for a particular strain of the crystals. The peak value of the AE pulse rate should depend on the volume and strain rate of the crystals, and also on the pinning time of dislocations. Since the pinning time of dislocations decreases with increasing strain rate, the AE pulse rate should be weakly dependent on the strain rate of the crystals. The total number of AE should increase linearly with deformation and then it should attain a saturation value for the large deformation. By measuring the strain dependence of the AE pulse rate at a fixed strain rate, the time constantτ _s for surface annihilation of dislocations and the pinning timeτ _p of the dislocations can be determined. A good agreement is found between the theoretical and experimental results related to the AE from alkali halide crystals.     

Control of spontaneous emission in a five-level system

We study the control of spontaneous emission in a five-level atomic system driven by four fields. We show that with the variation of dynamical variables, namely, Rabi frequencies and carrier phases of driven fields, a wide variety of the spectral behavior can be obtained, including extreme spectral narrowing. Our system can be found easily in real atoms.     

Comparison of single and multiple scattering approaches for the simulation of limb-emission observations in the mid-IR

The validity of single scattering radiative transfer calculations for simulation of limb-emission measurements of clouds in the mid-infrared spectral region was investigated by comparison with a multiple scattering model. For in limb direction optically thin clouds, like polar stratospheric clouds, errors of the single scattering scheme range below 3%. For optically thick clouds deviations are below 3% in case of low single scattering albedo (ω₀=0.24) increasing up to 10-30% for ω₀=0.84. Clouds which are optically thick in limb, but thin in nadir direction, can cause limb radiances which are by a factor of 1.7 higher than the blackbody radiance at cloud altitude.