Flexible strain sensor with ridge-like microstructures for wearable applications

The flexible stretchable sensors have great potential for implementation in various applications, such as intelligent soft robots, health monitoring, and motion detection. However, most of the flexible stretchable sensors with microstructures and high sensitivities are fabricated by expensive templates and complex processes. In consideration of large-scale fabrication, a low cost and efficient way is in great demand. Herein, electroless plating on Nafion films with decent swelling ratios are proposed to fabricate stretchable sensors with wrinkle-structured electrodes. By adding isopropanol (IPA) to the electroless plating process, the H₂O-IPA sensor with larger swelling ratio shows deeper surface wrinkles, higher surface roughness, and better sensitivity to strain. At the same time, the H₂O-IPA sensor exhibit good durability (500 cycles). By mounting the sensor on the joint of human finger, the motion of the finger bending and even the bending degree can be accurately detected, indicating the potential use in the field of wearable devices and soft electronic skins.     

乙醛酸化学镀铜的电化学研究

以乙醛酸作还原剂,Na2EDTA.2H2O为络合剂,亚铁氰化钾和2,2'-联吡啶为添加剂组成化学镀铜液体系,应用线性扫描伏安法研究分析了络合剂、添加剂对该镀铜体系电化学性能的影响.结果表明,络合剂Na2EDTA对乙醛酸的氧化和铜的还原有阻碍作用.亚铁氰化钾和过量(20 mg/L)的2,2'-联吡啶对乙醛酸的氧化起较明显的抑制作用.     

化学沉积NiZnP合金及其性能

用柠檬酸钠为络合剂、硼酸为缓冲剂在碱性体系中用化学沉积法由ZnSO4、NiSO4、NaH2PO2和H2BO3制得了NiZnP合金。考察了pH和ZnSO4与(ZnSO4 NiSO4)摩尔比对沉积速度、镀层组成、结构、表面形貌和耐腐蚀性能的影响。发现锌在沉积过程中起阻碍作用,致使镀层中锌含量不高(不超过原子分数20％)。用X射线衍射、透射电镜和扫描电镜等技术研究了镀层的结构和表面微观形貌。结果表明,镀态合金由非晶和少量立方镍两相组成;工艺条件对镀层表面微观形貌有明显的影响。采用浸泡实验和电化学阳极极化实验,重点研究了不同工艺条件的镀层在质量分数为3．5％的NaCl溶液(pH=7．0)中的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明,不同工艺条件所得的镀层耐腐蚀能力不同,NiZnP合金的耐腐蚀性主要与镀层组成有关,含锌量越高、含磷量越低的镀层耐腐蚀性越好。浸泡实验和电化学阳极极化实验的结果是比较吻合的。     

烧结型NdFeB永磁体表面有机纳米复合膜的制备及性能

采用自组装分子膜技术在烧结型NdFeB永磁体表面制备了三嗪硫醇三乙基硅烷(TES)自组装分子膜(TES-SAMs), 在TES-SAMs的基础上利用自主开发的有机镀膜技术制备了具有含氟官能团的三嗪硫醇(ATP)有机纳米复合薄膜(TES-ATP). 通过X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)、傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱仪、椭圆偏振光谱仪、原子力显微镜(AFM)和接触角测量仪对薄膜的表面状况进行评价, 使用UMT-2型摩擦磨损试验机研究TES-SAMs和TES-ATP的微摩擦学性能. 研究结果表明: TES-SAMs和TES-ATP的膜厚分别是5.08和29.78nm; 表面自由能从基体的73.13 mJ·m^-2下降到TES-SAMs的63.69 mJ·m^-2和TES-ATP复合膜的10.19 mJ·m^-2, 且TES-ATP复合膜对蒸馏水的接触角为123.5°, 成功实现了NdFeB表面由亲水到疏水的转换.TES-SAMs和TES-ATP均能有效降低摩擦系数, TES-SAMs的摩擦系数为0.22, TES-ATP的摩擦系数为0.12, 而基体的摩擦系数为0.71; 同时, TES-ATP还表现出良好的抗磨性能. TES-ATP复合膜为微机电系统中的摩擦磨损问题的解决提供了一种新思路.     

纳米金刚石稳定水分散体系在复合电镀铬中的应用

研究纳米金刚石水基稳定分散体系的组成及分散操作工艺.以低泡沫磺酸基阴离子表面活性剂作分散活化剂,比较了各种机械搅拌方式对体系稳定性的影响,并以复合镀铬作应用试验.测定了纳米金刚石复合镀铬的镀层沉积速率,镀层硬度,耐磨性等参数,由SEM观察镀层晶态结构图像.列举了试验结果、测试数据及复合镀铬的工艺条件,并对实验结果及机理进行了分析探讨.     

磁性ICF靶丸的化学镀工艺制备与表征

 采用化学镀工艺在ICF聚苯乙烯靶丸表面包覆了一层磁性的Ni-P合金镀层,并分别用扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪以及振动样品磁强计对其形貌、组成、结构和磁性能进行了表征。结果表明：通过化学镀工艺制备的Ni-P合金镀层厚度约为4 μm,且为非晶结构,并具有一定的磁性;该磁性ICF靶丸可望用来进行磁悬浮实验研究。最后,对聚苯乙烯靶丸表面磁性涂层的制备机理进行了讨论。     

Effects of pulsed bias duty ratio on microstructure and mechanical properties of TiN/TiAlN multilayer coatings

TiN/TiAlN multilayer coatings were deposited on M2 high speed steel by a pulsed bias arc ion plating system. The effect of pulsed bias duty ratio on the microstructure, mechanical and wear properties was investigated. The amount of macroparticles reduced with the increase of the duty ratio. The surface roughness was 0.0858 μm at duty ratio of 50%. TiN/TiAlN multilayer coatings were crystallized with orientations in the (1 1 1), (2 0 0) (2 2 2) and (3 1 1) crystallographic planes and the microstructure strengthened at (1 1 1) preferred orientation. At duty ratio of 20%, the hardness of TiN/TiAlN multilayer coatings reached a maximum of 3004 HV, which was 3.2 times that of the substrate. The adhesion strength reached a maximum of 77 N at 50% duty ratio. Friction and wear analyses were carried out by pin-on-disc tester at room temperature. Compared with the substrate, all the specimens coated with TiN/TiAlN multilayer coatings exhibited better tribological properties.     

Electrical conductivity of chromate conversion coating on electrodeposited zinc

For certain applications of galvanized steel protected with conversion coatings it is important that the surface is electrically conductive. This is especially important with mating surfaces for electromagnetic compatibility. This paper addresses electrical conductivity of chromate conversion coatings. A cross-matrix study using different zinc plating techniques by different labs showed that the main deciding factor is the type of zinc-plating bath used rather than the subsequent chromating process. Thus, chromated zinc plate electrodeposited from cyanide baths is non-conductive while that from alkaline (non-cyanide) and acid baths is conductive, even though the plate from all the bath types is conductive before conversion coating. The results correlate well with the microscopic structure of the surfaces as observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and could be further corroborated and rationalized using EDX and Auger spectroscopies.     

ICF靶用泡沫铜的制备与表征

 以次磷酸钠为还原剂的化学镀进行导电化处理,研究了ICF靶用泡沫铜的电沉积工艺。采用扫描电子显微境和X射线衍射仪对制备过程中各阶段泡沫铜的微观结构进行了表征。结果表明：经化学镀后可获得晶粒尺寸小、分布均匀的铜沉积层。电沉积后铜沉积层主要由0.55 μm的小颗粒组成,并且出现突出大颗粒的形貌特征。在氢气氛围下,经700 ℃热处理后,铜颗粒进一步长大,沉积层结晶致密。制备的泡沫铜呈3维网络状结构,分布均匀,密度为0.19 g/cm³,孔径分布为400～600 μm,孔隙率达97.9％。     

Deposition of TiSiN coatings by arc ion plating process

Titanium silicon nitride (TiSiN) thin films were deposited on tungsten cemented carbide tools by cathode arc ion plating (AIP) process using alloy TiSi targets. The effects of silicon addition and negative substrate bias on the development of the textures of films were studied systematically by varying the bias voltage from −20 to −200 V. The structural features of the films were investigated in detail using X-ray diffraction. The effect of the texture on such mechanical properties as hardness and adhesion of the films was also studied. A maximum hardness of 42 GPa was obtained at a DC substrate bias of −150 V. The characteristics of TiSiN thin films exhibited excellent adhesion of over 150 N. The cutting performance of end-mills and drillers was evaluated by milling and drilling of highly hardened material under high-speed cutting conditions. The results reveal that cutting tools with TiSiN coatings markedly outperformed those with TiN coatings, and the uncoated cutting tools. TiSiN coating increased the cutting lifetime to seven times that of the uncoated one.