含钪铝镁合金微生物腐蚀行为的研究

采用电化学、微生物学和表面分析的方法，研究了厌氧环境硫酸盐还原菌（subtere ducing bacteria，SRB）溶液中Al-6Mg-Zr添加Sc元素前后的腐蚀行为。结果表明，添加Sc元素后，合金的氧化膜更加致密，具有更好的保护作用，使电极开路电位正移100mV左右，同时Sc元素的加入降低了材料在SRB菌液中的点蚀敏感性，使材料耐微生物腐蚀性能得到提高，但是添加Sc后的合金对SRB更加敏感。显微观察表明添加Sc前后两种铝镁合金的腐蚀特征均为点蚀，能谱分析表明随浸泡时间增加，腐蚀越来越严重，腐蚀产物堆积和阳极金属溶解造成进一步腐蚀。     

钝化与过钝化状态下304不锈钢的点蚀行为研究

为了进一步了解不锈钢钝化膜与过钝化膜的性质,本文对比研究了在不同电位下极化处理后304不锈钢样品的点蚀及表面膜性质,发现空白对照组样品的点蚀电位和1.1 V过钝化处理后样品的点蚀电位相近,而0.5 V钝化处理后样品的点蚀电位较高. 扫描Kelvin探针（SKP）实验结果也验证了这一现象. 扫描电子显微镜（SEM）结果显示,空白对照组样品表面只呈现一般样品抛光后形貌;0.5 V钝化处理后的样品表面被颗粒状钝化膜所覆盖,该膜层决定了样品具有较好的耐蚀性;而1.1 V过钝化处理后的样品表面出现裂缝,导致不锈钢基体继续发生严重的局部腐蚀,可能成为过钝化膜保护性变差的主要原因.     

Evolution of fatigue crack corrosion from surface irregularities

A moving boundary model is presented for crack nucleation and growth from surface flaws. It concerns with chemical attack that results in material dissolution. A controlling mechanism for evolution is the rupture of a brittle corrosion-protective film that is built up along the corroding surface. The evolution rate is a function of the degree of protective film damage caused by the surface straining. The problem is formulated for an elastic body containing a single and double pits. Low-frequency cyclic loading is considered. Numerical solution is proposed. The behaviours of a growing crack and of two competing cracks are described. Stages of incubation, blunting and steady-state growth characterise a single crack evolution. The steady-state growth rate is found independent of the initial geometry. Stages of independent growth, interactive growth and arrest of one crack characterise the evolution of two competing cracks. The lengths of the arrested cracks are presented as functions of the ratio between the pit depth for a series of different distances between the pits. It is emphasized that the solutions correspond to a homogeneous material. Further work is required to account for the material microstructure.     

Change of mechanical properties of Fe-Cr-Ni steel after corrosion of steel in chlorine medium without and with magnetic field

The influence of weak magnetic field (B = 0.05 T) on mechanical properties, i.e. the torsional and twisting strength, of Fe-Cr-Ni steel (18.2% Cr, 9.4% Ni, 0.08% Mn, 0.6% Ti, 0.04% Co) has been investigated. When a permanent magnetic field is used, the steel wire, treated in acidic chloride solutions (11% FeCl₃·6H₂O or 11% FeCl₃·6H₂O + 3% NaCl), loses its mechanical properties more rapidly than if the magnetic field is not used. It suggests that the loss of mechanical properties of the wire is connected with peculiarities of formation of pitting. When pitting is formed without magnetic field, it penetrates preferably in depth of steel, meanwhile in the magnetic field pitting is formed preferably on the surface area.     

Surface Morphological Evolution of Thin Films Under Stress and Capillary Forces

Holes and hillocks can commonly be observed on the surface of thin films after thermal processing. For films deposited on a substrate with a different coefficient of thermal expansion, strains due to thermal expansion mismatch can produce very large stresses. While capillary forces tend to produce a thermal groove at a grain boundary (GB), compressive and tensile stresses can form, respectively, a ridge or a canal at the GB. These phenomena can strongly influence mobility of a GB. The formation of a canal enhances the potential for pinning the GB, whereas the formation of a ridge tends to repel the GB.After a short overview of the theory, analytical and numerical solutions for surface profiles of static and travelling GBs under stress are presented. The results of the computed profiles are compared to experimental surface morphologies in aluminum thin film.     

A Molecular Approach for Mitigation of Aluminum Pitting based on Films of Zinc(II) and Gallium(III) Metallosurfactants

The use of metallosurfactants to prevent pitting corrosion of aluminum surfaces is discussed based on the behavior of the metallosurfactants [Zn^II(L^N2O2)H₂O] ( 1 ) and [Ga^III(L^N2O3)] ( 2 ). These species were deposited as multilayer Langmuir–Blodgett films and characterized by IR reflection absorption spectroscopy and UV/Vis spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy images, potentiodynamic polarization experiments, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to assess corrosion mitigation. Both metallosurfactants demonstrate superior anticorrosion activity due to the presence of redox-inactive 3d¹⁰ metal ions that enhance the structural resistance of the ordered molecular films and limit chloride mobility and electron transfer.     

Characterization of the Passive Film and Corrosion of Martensitic AM355 Stainless Steel

Electrochemistry methods were used to investigate the influence of pH on the passive film and corrosion behavior of ultrahigh strength AM355 stainless steel in chloride-containing media. Analysis of the Pourbaix diagram indicates that AM355 stainless steel exhibits higher corrosion resistance in natural and near-natural environments than that in acidic and alkaline conditions. Electrochemistry measurements and composition analysis of the passive film show that pitting potential increased due to the enhanced repassivation capacity of AM355 stainless steel with increasing pH. The mixed MnS/oxide inclusions are the main pitting sensitive locations under all conditions. Morphological observations and energy-dispersive spectroscopy showed that the influence of the gap between the martensitic laths is significant with increasing pH. The inclusions, element concentrations, and microstructures weaken the resistance of ultrahigh-strength martensitic AM355 stainless steel against corrosion.     

Electrochemical noise analysis of pitting corrosion of J55 steel in NaCl + NaHCO3 electrolytes

Electrochemical noise (EN) was used to study the pitting corrosion of J55 steel in NaCl/NaHCO₃ electrolytes. Below critical ratio for Cl^? to HCO^?, the corrosion rate increased with added NaCl, and conversely, decreased above that level. Also, the critical ratio was between 1 and 1.66. The PSD for potential and current noise were linear and rather gently sloped. J55 casing steel was quite sensitive to NaCl/NaHCO₃ electrolytes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

实用电极材料体系的共焦显微拉曼光谱研究(英文)

本文简要介绍了实验室内有关利用共焦显微拉曼光谱于某些实用电极材料 (表面 )性能研究的结果 .具体的研究实例包括 :尖晶石锂锰氧化物中Li+ 的嵌入 脱出过程 ,AB5 型金属氢化物电极表面氧化物的性能和钢筋电极表面钝化膜及其孔蚀过程 .     

Cu-Ni合金在NaCl溶液中的孔蚀特性

采用慢速电位扫描法和电位台阶计时电流法分别研究铸态铜镍合金以及由机械合金化方法制备的纳米晶铜镍合金于不同浓度NaCl溶液中的孔蚀特性.讨论含Ni量,Cl-浓度等因素对合金孔蚀敏感性的影响,探讨了不同结构合金的孔蚀发展.