ADVANCES IN STUDY OF A NEW CLASS OF PILLARED LAYERED MICROPOROUS MATERIALS──POLYOXOMETALATE-TYPE HYDROTALCITE-LIKE CATALYSTS

IntroductionSincetheindustrialcatal}lticprocessforhydrationofpropenewasperformedusingheteropolyacidascatalystinthe1970sinJapan.heteropolyacidsandtheirsalts,aclassofpolyoxometalates.whichareexcellentbifunctionalcatalystshavingacidicandredoxproperties,haveb…     

AlFe层柱粘土催化剂催化甲苯在水中的降解

The catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO) of toluene on two bentonite-based AlFe-pillared clays (PILCs) with different iron contents was investigated. The PILCs were obtained using bentonite clay from Bogovina, Serbia. The change in chemical and phase composition and textural properties of the starting clay and synthesized catalysts was monitored using X-ray diffraction, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectrometry, and physisorption of nitrogen. The catalytic performance was examined using gas chromatography. The Na-exchange process lowered the (001) smectite basal plane spacing, but the clay retained its swelling properties, while the pillaring process increased it. The surface areas of both synthesized pillared clays increased to similar values although their Fe content was different. At 37 ℃, both catalysts show significant toluene degradation, with the one richer in Fe having higher efficiency. The leaching of the active cations during reaction was negligible, and the catalysts were stable. AlFe-pillared clay catalysts can be used in CWPO for the elimination of BTEX compounds from plant effluent streams.     

铕掺杂硅钛柱撑蒙脱土的合成及发光性能研究

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了Eu3+掺杂的硅钛柱撑蒙脱土(Si-Ti-MT),运用XRD,SEM-EDX和FT-IR对其结构进行了表征。结果表明,Eu3+掺杂的硅钛柱撑剂插入蒙脱土层之间,保持了蒙脱土层状结构。经荧光发射光谱和激发光谱分析可知,Si-Ti-MT是Eu3+发光的有效基体,其发射能级主要为Eu3+613 nm(5D0→7F2);激发光谱中表现了Eu3+的5个特征激发带,分别为363 nm(7F0→5D4),382 nm(7F0→5G2),395 nm(7F0→5L6),415 nm(7F0→5D1)和465 nm(7F0→5D2);热处理促进了Eu3+掺杂的硅钛柱撑蒙脱土的发光,且样品的荧光强度随着Eu3+掺杂量的增加而增强,不会发生浓度猝灭现象。     

Vanadia impregnated iron-pillared montmorillonite for aniline methylation

Vanadia impregnated iron-pillared montmorillonites with different weight percentages of vanadia have been prepared. Subsequent characterization by XRD, FT-IR, surface area and pore volume measurements was carried out. Acidity was determined by three independent techniques namely thermogravimetric desorption of 2,6-dimethylpyridine, spectrophotometric monitoring of adsorption of perylene and temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia. Conversion of cumene in the vapor phase has been performed as a test reaction of acidity. Aniline methylation was carried out to check the catalytic efficiency of the solids. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

A bridge between pillared-layer and helical structures: a series of three-dimensional pillared coordination polymers with multiform helical chains

Rational self-assembly of a long V-shaped 3,3',4,4'-benzophenonetetracarboxylate (bptc) ligand and metal salts in the presence of linear bidentate ligand yield a series of novel pillared helical-layer complexes, namely, [Cu2(bptc)(bpy)2] (1), [M3(Hbptc)2(bpy)3(H2O)4].2 H2O (M = Fe(2) and Ni(3)), [Co2(bptc)(bpy)(H2O)].0.5 bpy (4), [Cd2(bptc)(bpy)(H2O)2].H2O (5), [Mn2(bptc)(bpy)1.5(H2O)3] (6) and [M2(bptc)(bpy)0.5(H2O)5].0.5 bpy (M = Mn(7), Mg(8) and Co(9), bpy=4,4'-bipyridine). Their structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses and further characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectra, and thermogravimetric (TG) analyses. The structure of 1 consists of two types of chiral layers, one left-handed and the other right-handed, which are connected by bpy pillars to generate a novel 3D open framework featuring four distinct helical chains. Compounds 2 and 3 are isostructural and feature 3D structures formed from the interconnection of arm-shaped helical layers with bpy pillars. Compound 4 is a pillared helical double-layer complex containing four different types of helices, among which the nine-fold interwoven helices constructed from triple-stranded helical motifs are unprecedented. Compound 5 exhibits a novel 3D covalent framework which features nanosized tubular channels. These channels are built from helical layers pillared by bptc ligands. The structure of 6 is constructed from {Mn(bptc)(H2O)}n2n- layers, which consist of left- and right-handed helical chains, pillared by [Mn2(bpy)3(H2O)4]4+ complexes into a 3D framework. To the best of our knowledge, compounds 1-6 are the first examples of pillared helical-layer coordination polymers. Compounds 7-9 are isostructural and exhibit interesting 2D helical double-layer structures, which are constructed from {M(bptc)(H2O)2}n2n- ribbons cross-linked by [M2(bpy)(H2O)6]4+ complexes. Furthermore, the 3D supramolecular structures of 7-9 are similar to the 3D structure of 6, and the 2D structure of 7 can be transformed into the 3D structure of 6 at higher reaction temperature. By inspection of the structures of 1-9, it is believed that the V-shaped bptc ligand and V-shaped phthalic group of the bptc ligand are important for the formation of the helical structures. The magnetic behavior of compounds 1, 2, 4, 6, and 9 was studied and indicated the existence of antiferromagnetic interactions. Moreover, compound 5 shows intense photoluminescence at room temperature.     

Ag对Fe/Al-PILC的SCR-C_3H_6脱硝特性的影响

为提高低温段(300℃)铝柱撑蒙脱土负载铁基催化剂的脱硝效率,采用银离子对其进行修饰。通过超声浸渍法合成银-铁双金属催化剂,并于固定床反应器中评价催化剂性能。结果表明,Ag的引入显著改善了Fe/Al-PILC催化剂的低温催化活性。在250℃时,Ag-Fe/Al-PILC催化剂的NO转化率达到60%以上,高于Fe/Al-PILC催化剂20%的NO的转化率,其中,2.1Ag-Fe/Al-PILC在250℃时NO转化率达到82%,N_2选择性达到100%。而且,引入银离子后的双金属催化剂保持了铁基催化剂较好的抗H_2O和SO_2性能。通过多种技术探究催化剂的微观结构和物理化学性质。根据N_2吸附-脱附测试结果表明,双金属催化剂形成了稳定的整体结构,并具有较大的内比表面积。同时,XRD和UV-vis表征结果显示,在催化剂表面形成的银-铁固溶体、Ag~+和Ag_n~(δ+)物种是影响其低温活性的关键因素。Ag-Fe/Al-PILC的低温活性与形成的银-铁固溶体有关,同时在催化剂表面形成的Ag~+和Ag_n~(δ+)物种是影响其低温活性的关键因素。XPS结果表明,Ag和Fe之间存在电子转移,形成了双金属协同作用,改变了催化剂表面的银、铁成分含量及其价态。H_2-TPR结果表明,Ag促使Fe/Al-PILC还原特征峰出现在低温区,提高了其低温还原性能。表面酸性的Py-FTIR分析结果表明,Ag-Fe/Al-PILC催化剂同时存在Lewis酸和Br?nsted酸,且Ag提高了Br?nsted酸的稳定性。     

Emanation Thermal Analysis of Intercalated Montmorillonitic clay

Emanation Thermal Analysis (ETA), based on the measurement of the release of radon from previously labelled samples, has been used for 'in-situ’ characterisation of the morphology changes of intercalated montmorillonitic clay. The thermal behaviour of hydroxyaluminium intercalated montmorillonite was monitored in course of the preparation of alumina pillared montmorillonite, making possible to determine optimal temperature for the isothermal treatment of the intermediate product. Moreover, the thermal stability of alumina pillared montmorillonite porous structure was determined from the ETA data. A good agreement of ETA data and surface area, XRD patterns. DTA, and TG resulted was found. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Some Recent Developments in Aqueous Sol-Gel Processing

In this overview we describe the recent use of aqueous sol-gel processing for the preparation of ceramics that have very different end-uses. Zirconia nanofiltration membranes with 50% rejection of solutes at a molecular weight of about 1000 have been produced using zirconia sols containing inorganic polymeric particles and evaluated on the pilot-plant scale. Microporous alumina- and zirconia-pillared clays having a large and hydrothermally stable interlayer spacing (2 nm) and specific surface area (approximately 400 m2 g–1) have been prepared using similar polymeric sols. These have been produced on the 20 kg scale and evaluated for catalytic applications. Cathodoluminescent phosphor powders, based on the doped-yttrium aluminium gallium oxide system, have been synthesized for high resolution displays using a combination of aqueous sol-gel precursors and aerosol techniques to produce particles of controlled size and shape. Finally, ceramic stains for decorating ceramic bodies have been synthesized using this method, not only in powder form but also for direct application to ceramic ware by ink-jet printing. These examples illustrate the versatility of aqueous sol-gel processing for the preparation of a wide range of ceramic compositions and forms.     

层柱人工水热合成皂石的制备与表征(英)

利用具有理想皂石结构的人工水热合成蒙皂石为层原料，通过与羟基聚合铝离子（[Al₁₃O₄(OH)₂₄(H₂O)₁₂]⁷⁺）交换反应合成得到了一种层柱粘土。实验对于该铝柱皂石进行了粉末XRD，FT-IR和TG-DTA表征。氮气吸附实验说明其高温活化（773K，2 h）产物具有很高的BET比表面（360 m²·g^-1）。相对于层柱蒙脱土，层柱皂石显示了更高的催化裂解性能和热稳定性。层柱皂石的异丙苯裂解转化率达到了65%；而层柱蒙脱土的转化率只有4%。这说明层材料的四面体取代对于层柱粘土Br?nsted酸位的形成具有重要的决定作用。氨程序升温脱附实验发现铝柱皂石在350～650 ℃区间具有较强的氨脱附量，表明层柱皂石具有层柱蒙脱土所没有的强酸中心。     

层柱状粘土催化合成乙二醇单烷基醚乙酸酯

为了克服均相催化剂在用于制备各种重要化学品的一些困难,层柱粘土催化剂在活性、选择性,重复使用性及经济方面已经证明是非常有利的。由活性白土经硫酸和铝盐进行处理,然后在１００￣４００℃焙烧制得了催化剂,考察了醇醚与乙酸的酯化活性并对催化剂进行了表征。