4-溴-5-硝基邻苯二甲腈的合成及晶体结构

以邻苯二甲酸酐为原料,经溴化、脱水、亚胺化、硝化、酰胺化、脱水6步反应合成了一种易调变的酞菁前驱体——4-溴-5-硝基邻苯二甲腈,并测定了其晶体结构。     

Phthalonitrile cure reaction with aromatic diamines

Phthalonitrile monomers can be polymerized thermally in the presence of small amounts of curing agents into thermosetting polymers. The thermosets exhibit outstanding thermo-oxidative stability, display good mechanical properties, and offer promise as matrices for composite applications. The phthalonitrile cure reaction is typically accomplished with an aromatic diamine, 1,3-bis(3-aminophenoxy)benzene (m-APB), added in the range of 1.5–2% by weight of the monomer in the melt phase. This article addresses the cure reaction with a sulfone-containing diamine, bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl] sulfone (p-BAPS), which shows lower volatility as determined from thermogravimetric studies (TGA) compared to m-APB at the processing temperatures typically employed for phthalonitrile cures. Rheometric studies conducted to monitor the viscosity increase during a cure reaction suggest that the cure reaction with m-APB is faster compared to the reaction with p-BAPS. Even though differences are seen in the initial cure rates, the final cured products are similar in terms of the glass transition temperatures and thermal and oxidative stabilities. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 1885–1890, 1998     

A novel benzimidazole‐containing phthalonitrile monomer with unique polymerization behavior

A novel benzimidazole‐containing phthalonitrile monomer (BIPN) was synthesized. The chemical structure of BIPN was confirmed by various spectroscopic techniques. Differential scanning calorimetry measurement revealed that the self‐promoted polymerization reaction of the BIPN proceeds extremely sluggish and showed low polymerization exothermic effect. Subsequent rheological measurement displayed that the BIPN was able to keep a stable and low melt viscosity for 4 h at 300 °C, 2 h at 310 °C, and 50 min at 330 °C. The derived BIPN polymers showed excellent thermal properties revealed by thermogravimetric analysis, which were better than those of the corresponding polymer derived from phthalonitrile monomer without benzimidazole moiety. IR analysis confirmed the occurrence of the triazine ring within the polymer crosslinking sites. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012     

New phosphorus-containing metal phthalocyanine complexes. Synthesis and spectral and electrochemical studies

Hitherto unknown phosphorus-containing 4,5-bis(diethoxyphosphorylmethyl)- and 4-methyl-5-diethoxyphosphorylmethylphthalonitriles were synthesized starting from o-xylene. Their tetramerization afforded free phthalocyanine ligands and their complexes with Zn, Ni, Co, and a number of rare-earth metals. The spectral and electrochemical properties of the phthalocyanines synthesized were studied. Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1634–1638, August, 2008.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 4,5-Bis（2-chloroethylthio）phthalonitrile

A novel phthalonitrile compound,[C12H10Cl2N2S2],has been synthesized and its crystal structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.The crystal belongs to the monoclinic system,space group P21/n with a = 10.6417(8),b = 7.5737(6),c = 18.2758(14),β = 105.2480(10)°,Mr = 317.24,V = 1421.12(19)3,Z = 4,Dc = 1.483 g/cm3,F(000) = 648,μ = 0.733 mm-1,R = 0.0173 and wR = 0.2183.In the structure,the C atoms of the aromatic ring,the two cyanide groups and the two S atoms are almost coplanar(maximum deviation from the mean plane = 0.049(7) ).Two potential weak intermolecular interactions of C-H…N and one type of π…π stacking interaction with a centroid-centroid separation of 3.751(8) stabilize the crystal structure.     

3,6-Didecyloxyphthalonitrile as a starting compound for the selective synthesis of phthalocyanines of the ABAB type

Reactions of 3,6-dipentyloxy- and 3,6-didecyloxyphthalonitriles with lithium pentoxide in pentan-1-ol were studied. 3,6-Didecyloxyphthalonitrile can be used for the preparation of both the corresponding octasubstituted phthalocyanines and phthalocyanines of the ABAB type.     

邻苯二甲腈合成研究

针对邻二甲苯氨氧化容易成邻苯二甲酰亚胺的特点,筛选出选择性较高的ODT－88催化剂,采用该催化剂,对空气和氨的物质量比,温度等反应条件进行了研究,在优选的条件下,邻苯二甲腈摩尔收率达94．4％,现已完成中试,正在建厂投产之中。     

Introducing rigid pyrimidine ring to improve the mechanical properties and thermal‐oxidative stabilities of phthalonitrile resin

In this study, a novel phthalonitrile monomer containing pyrimidine ring, 4,6‐bis[3‐(3,4‐dicya‐ nophenoxy)phenoxy]pyrimidine (BCPM), was successfully synthesized by nucleophilic substitution reaction with resorcinol, 4,6‐dichloropyrimidine and 4‐nitrophthalonitrile. The BCPM monomer was cured by different temperature programs with 4‐(aminophenoxy)phthalonitrile (APPH) as catalyst to give the polymers. The molecular structures of the BCPM monomer and the polymers were investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analysis was performed to study the processability of the BCPM monomer, which showed a wide processing window of about 117°C. The mechanical properties and thermal‐oxidative stability of the polymer were characterized by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively, which indicated that the polymers exhibited excellent storage modulus, high glass transition temperature over 400°C, and outstanding thermal stability. The polymers also have low water absorption capacity and are suitable for humid environments.     

Preparation and property comparison of ortho,meta, and para autocatalytic phthalonitrile compounds with amino group

Phthalonitrile resins with many striking properties have drawn much attention as potential candidates for use in composite matrices, adhesives, films, and electrical conductors for the last 30 years. However, it is common shortcomings for phthalonitrile monomers to have high‐temperature melting point and need extreme conditions to develop binary phthalonitrile/additives composition. Here, three kinds of self‐catalyzed phthalonitrile compounds with low melting point were synthesized, whose structures were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. The different cure behaviors, owing to the different positions of catalyzed group on benzene ring, were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, and cure kinetics parameters were also calculated. The results showed that the meta and para position monomers possessed better reactivity. Melt‐processability study by a rheometer indicated that the ortho one owned the largest processing window. Furthermore, the FTIR spectra demonstrated that the cured monomers contained the same structure with a conventional binary phthalonitrile system. All the cured monomers had excellent thermal stability according to thermogravimetric analysis. Mechanical property was determined by dynamic mechanical analysis, and the results showed that the glass transition temperature (represented by the peak temperature of tanδ) was high up to 550°C for all the three cured monomers. Consequently, these autocatalytic phthalonitrile monomers may be good candidates as matrix for high‐performance polymeric materials. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.