人工扰动电离层仿真系统的设计与实现

设计并开发了一种人工扰动电离层仿真系统．建立了数值模型，规划出系统总体构造，在实现过程中引入VC、VF混合编程的概念，以达到两种语言优势互补的目的．文中详细论述了VC、VF混合编程对于数据的处理，生成Fortran的动态链接库，以及在VC中调用生成库的技术．通过仿真模拟，得出了电离层加热过程中电子密度、电子温度等随时间演化的规律，及发射电波频率、功率对加热效果的影响．试用证明，该系统有效地模拟了电离层人工扰动的状态，为在我国实施加热工程提供了可靠的科学依据．     

小尺寸铕(Ⅲ)配合物荧光纳米颗粒的制备

利用再沉淀法分别制备出了小尺寸(~10nm)纯相和杂相的Eu³⁺配合物荧光纳米颗粒。所制备的纯相的荧光纳米颗粒在水溶液中容易聚集,并且荧光猝灭严重。相比较而言,掺有适量疏水性硅烷的杂相纳米颗粒则具有较强的荧光、均匀的尺寸和良好的分散性。硅烷在碱性环境下(pH=9)迅速地水解,而后在纳米微粒的表面形成二氧化硅薄层。亲水的二氧化硅薄层消除了Eu³⁺配合物纳米颗粒间的疏水相互作用,进而防止了纳米颗粒的聚集,从而导致了杂相荧光纳米颗粒发光性能的提高。     

Three different low-temperature plasma-based methods for hydrophilicity improvement of polyethylene films at atmospheric pressure

Three different low-temperature plasma-based methods were used to improve the surface hydrophilicity of polyethy- lene （PE） films, and all the modification processes were carried out by employing an atmospheric pressure plasma jet （APPJ） system. （a） PE films were directly modified by APPJ using a gas mixture of He and 02. （b） Acrylic acid （AA） was introduced into the system and a polymer acrylic acid （PAA） coating was deposited onto the PE films. （c） AA was grafted onto the PE surface activated by plasma pre-treatment. It was found that the hydrophilicity of the PE films was significantly improved for all the three methods. However, the samples modified by Process （a） showed hydrophobicity recovery after a storage time of 20 days while no significant change was found in samples modified by Process （b） and Process （c）. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR） results indicated that the most intensive C=O peak was detected on the PE surface modified by Process （c）. According to the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） analysis, the ratios of oxygen-containing polar groups for samples modified by Process （b） and Process （c） were higher than that modified by Process （a）.     

Surface-modified antibacterial TiO2/Ag nanoparticles: Preparation and properties

Studies were performed on surface modification of antibacterial TiO₂/Ag⁺ nanoparticles by grafting γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS). The interfacial structure of the modified particles was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The thickness of the surface layer was determined by using Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). The results show that APS is chemically bonded to the surface of antibacterial TiO₂/Ag⁺ nanoparticles. Furthermore, the modified particles were mixed in PVC to prepare composites whose antibacterial property was investigated. The results suggest that surface modification has no negative effect on antibacterial activity of TiO₂/Ag⁺ nanoparticles and PVC-TiO₂/Ag⁺ composites exhibits good antibacterial property.     

On the hydrogen etching mechanism in plasma nitriding of metals

Iron alloys and aluminum were nitrogen implanted in a controlled oxygen atmosphere and the role of hydrogen on the surface etching mechanisms studied. The surface composition was analyzed by in situ photoemission electron spectroscopy (XPS). In iron alloys, hydrogen strongly etches oxygen, improving nitrogen retention on the surface. On the other hand, hydrogen removes nitrogen from aluminum surfaces, with a deleterious effect on the nitriding effectiveness. The oxygen removal in iron alloys is associated with the catalytic effect of electrons in d-orbitals and the nitrogen removal in aluminum is associated with a steric effect.     

Electron beam induced modification of poly(ethylene terephthalate) films

Electron beam processing of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films is found to promote significant changes in the melting heat, intrinsic viscosity and polymer film-liquid (water, isooctane and toluene) boundary surface tension. These properties are featured with several maximums depending on the absorbed dose and correlating with the modification of PET surface functionality. Studies using adsorption of acid-base indicators and IR-spectroscopy revealed that the increase of PET surface hydrophilicity is determined by the oxidation of methylene and methyne groups. Electron beam treatment of PET films on the surface of N-vinylpyrrolidone aqueous solution provided graft copolymerization with this comonomer at optimum process parameters (energy 700 keV, current 1 mA, absorbed dose 50 kGy).     

Microwave synthesis of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles used as a precursor of nanocomposites and ferrofluids

Methods to synthesize magnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles and to modify the surface of particles are presented in the present investigation. Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles were prepared by the co-precipitation of Fe³⁺ and Fe²⁺, NH₃·H₂O was used as the precipitating agent to adjust the pH value, and the aging of Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles was accelerated by microwave (MW) irradiation. The obtained Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The average size of Fe₃O₄ crystallites was found to be around 8–9 nm. Thereafter, the surface of Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles was modified by stearic acid. The resultant sample was characterized by FT-IR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), XRD, lipophilic degree (LD) and sedimentation test. The FT-IR results indicated that a covalent bond was formed by chemical reaction between the hydroxyl groups on the surface of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles and carboxyl groups of stearic acid, which changed the polarity of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles. The dispersion of Fe₃O₄ in organic solvent was greatly improved. Effects of reaction time, reaction temperature and concentration of stearic acid on particle surface modification were investigated. In addition, Fe₃O₄/polystyrene (PS) nanocomposite was synthesized by adding surface modified Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles into styrene monomer, followed by the radical polymerization. The obtained nanocomposite was tested by thermogravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and XRD. Results revealed that the thermal stability of PS was not significantly changed after adding Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles. The Fe₃O₄ magnetic fluid was characterized using UV–vis spectrophotometer, Gouy magnetic balance and laser particle-size analyzer. The testing results showed that the magnetic fluid had excellent stability, and had susceptibility of 4.46×10⁻⁸ and saturated magnetization of 6.56 emu/g. In addition, the mean size d (0.99) of magnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles in the fluid was 36.19 nm.     

单壁碳纳米管吸附联苯类有机物的荧光光谱分析

利用芳香族化合物对单壁碳纳米管进行了化学修饰,并利用荧光光谱以及时间分辨光谱对修饰后的单壁碳纳米管进行了表征分析.实验发现吸附对三联苯后有1个荧光峰位置发生了蓝移,这说明吸附过程使对三联苯的一些能级分布发生了变化.测量吸附前后对三联苯和蒽甲醇的荧光寿命,发现吸附后的荧光衰减曲线下降趋势更加明显,对曲线进行多指数拟合得出的荧光寿命及其数目发生了变化,分析了可能导致该现象的原因.     

二甲醚/动力多联产系统初步研究

本文针对两步法二甲醚/动力多联产系统进行了研究。通过对两步法二甲醚生产和动力两个系统的分析整合,使用ASPEN对流程进行了模拟计算,考察了两步法DME和IGCC联产系统的特性。发现两步法DME-IGCC联产与两步法:DME和IGCC分产相比,折合热转功效率提高了5.66个百分点,折合合成能耗下降了26.05％,相对节能率为8.46％。     

相对论性电子在强激光场和Debye屏蔽库仑场下的散射

 在量子理论的框架内,利用含强激光场的二级相对论修正的运动方程,采用直接数值解法,着重研究了强激光场和Debye屏蔽库仑场下荷电粒子的碰撞截面及其与激光脉冲波形、频率、强度和屏蔽参数等的关系。