Hydroamination of Dihapto-Coordinated Benzene and Diene Complexes of Tungsten: Fundamental Studies and the Synthesis of γ-Lycorane

Reactions are described for complexes of the form WTp(NO)(PMe₃)(η²-arene) and various amines, where the arene is benzene or benzene with an electron-withdrawing substituent (CF₃, SO₂Ph, SO₂Me). The arene complex is first protonated to form an η²-arenium species, which then selectively adds the amine. The resulting η²-5-amino-1,3-cyclohexadiene complexes can then be subjected to the same sequence with a second nucleophile to form 3-aminocyclohexene complexes, where up to three stereocenters originate from the arene carbons. Alternatively, 1,3-cyclohexadiene complexes containing an ester group at the 5 position (also prepared from an arene) can be treated with acid followed by an amine to form trisubstituted 3-aminocyclohexenes. When the amine is primary, ring closure can occur to form a cis-fused bicyclic γ-lactam. Highly functionalized cyclohexenes can be liberated from the tungsten through oxidative decomplexation. The potential utility of this methodology is demonstrated in the synthesis of the alkaloid γ-lycorane. An enantioenriched synthesis of a lactam precursor to γ-lycorane is also described. This compound is prepared from an enantioenriched version of the tungsten benzene complex. Regio- and stereochemical assignments for the reported compounds are supported by detailed 2D-NMR analysis and 13 molecular structure determinations (SC-XRD).     

WO3 Nanowire/Carbon Nanotube Interlayer as a Chemical Adsorption Mediator for High-Performance Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

We developed a new nanowire for enhancing the performance of lithium-sulfur batteries. In this study, we synthesized WO₃ nanowires (WNWs) via a simple hydrothermal method. WNWs and one-dimensional materials are easily mixed with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to form interlayers. The WNW interacts with lithium polysulfides through a thiosulfate mediator, retaining the lithium polysulfide near the cathode to increase the reaction kinetics. The lithium-sulfur cell achieves a very high initial discharge capacity of 1558 and 656 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.1 and 3 C, respectively. Moreover, a cell with a high sulfur mass loading of 4.2 mg cm⁻² still delivers a high capacity of 1136 mAh g⁻¹ at a current density of 0.2 C and it showed a capacity of 939 mAh g⁻¹ even after 100 cycles. The WNW/CNT interlayer maintains structural stability even after electrochemical testing. This excellent performance and structural stability are due to the chemical adsorption and catalytic effects of the thiosulfate mediator on WNW.     

过渡金属磷化物的制备及电催化析氢性能提升策略

氢能是一种绿色、 高效的二次能源, 在廉价的非贵金属催化剂的辅助下, 电解水制氢以其低成本和高效率受到广泛关注. 过渡金属磷化物因其独特近似球形三角棱柱单元结构能够暴露出更多配位不饱和表面原子, 因此在电解水制氢中表现出优异的催化活性和强耐腐蚀性. 本文综述了过渡金属磷化物的制备方法和在电催化析氢中的应用和性能的改善策略. 最后讨论了过渡金属磷化物催化剂存在的一些亟待解决的问题, 并展望了其未来的发展方向.     

磷化钼基催化剂的制备及其电解水中的应用

以十二胺插层的正交三氧化钼为前驱体,次磷酸钠分解产生的PH3作为磷源,在限域的空间内通过原位碳化磷化法,合成了"N掺杂MoP/石墨"复合材料.通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱分析(XPS)、拉曼光谱分析(Raman)和比表面积测试法(BET)等手段对700、...     

磷化镍@镍-氮-碳双功能催化剂电还原CO2-H2O制合成气

电催化还原CO₂由于具有温和的反应条件、反应产物组成可调、环境友好等优点,是CO₂转化技术中最有前景的方法之一,然而目前发展的电催化CO₂还原技术仍未达到工业化盈利所需的技术经济指标。因此,通过简单的两电子转移,将CO₂-H₂O电还原为合成气通常被认为是电化学还原CO₂过程中较有前景的实现盈利的途径之一,因此研究能够精确调控合成气比例的非贵金属电催化剂至关重要。在本文中,我们提出了通过三元纳米复合材料的分子工程学设计的进行了高活性、可实现特定比例合成气制备的双功能电催化剂的合成策略。将三聚氰胺、三苯基膦(TPP)和乙酸镍研磨并溶解在乙醇中,通过旋蒸得到三元纳米复合材料,在850 ℃下热解2 h得到催化剂。该方法简单、易操作并且易于放大。该系列双功能电催化剂的比表面积和孔体积均随着三苯基膦量的增加而增加,且分级孔结构有利于提供活性位以及促进物质传输。此外,拉曼图谱表明材料的缺陷度由于前驱体中三苯基膦的增加而增加。另外,X射线光电子能谱验证了析氢反应活性位点Ni-P和CO₂电催化活性为位点Ni-N的存在。因此,该系列电催化剂的性能具有较大的调控空间,可从CO产物主导调控至H₂产物主导。电化学性能通过在CO₂饱和0.5 mol·L^-1 KHCO₃溶液中进行线性扫描伏安法以及恒电位电解进行评价。结果表明催化剂的活性受材料表面P/Ni-N_x比例的影响。最高的CO法拉第效率为91%,由不含磷化镍的纯Ni-N-C材料在-0.8 V (相对于可逆氢电极(RHE))电位下实现。在-0.7至-1.1 V (vs RHE)电位区间内,合成气流中CO/H₂的摩尔比可从2 : 5调整至10 : 1,并能与磷化镍和镍-氮-炭组分的摩尔比关联。此外,我们还对优化的催化剂在-0.7 V电位下的稳定性进行了测试,合成气摩尔比例在8 h内保持在1.2-1.3,说明材料具有良好的稳定性。本工作将温室气体CO₂和H₂O转化成比例可调的合成气,为双功能电催化剂的工程设计提供了新的方向。     

桥连氧化钨纳米线的可控合成及气敏性质

The rapid development of industrialization has resulted in severe environmental problems. A comprehensive assessment of air quality is urgently required all around the world. Among various technologies used in gas molecule detection, including Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy (MS), electrochemical sensors, and metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) gas sensors, MOS gas sensors possess the advantages of small dimension, low power consumption, high sensitivity, low production cost, and excellent silicon chip compatibility. MOS sensors hold great promise for future Internet of Things (IoT) sensors, which will have a profound impact on indoor and outdoor air quality monitoring. The development of nanotechnology has significantly enhanced the development of MOS gas sensors. Among various nanostructures like nanoparticles, nanosheets and nanowires, the emergence of quasi-one-dimensional (q1D) nanowires/nanorods/nanofibers, with unique q1D geometry (facilitating fast carrier transport) and large surface-to-volume ratio, potentially act as ideal sensing channels for MOS sensors with extremely small dimension, and good stability and sensitivity. These structures have thus been the focus of extensive research. Among the various MOS nanomaterials available, tungsten oxide (WO_3-x, 0 ≤ x < 1) nanowires feature the characteristic properties (multiple oxidation states, rich substoichiometric oxides with distinct properties, photo/electrochromism, (photo)catalytic properties, etc.), and unique q1D geometry (single-crystalline pathway for fast carrier transport, large surface-to-volume ratio, etc.). WO_3-x nanowires have broad applications in smart windows, energy conversation & storage, and gas sensing devices, and have thus become a focus of attention. In this paper, the fundamental properties of tungsten oxide, synthesis methods and growth mechanism of tungsten oxide nanowires are reviewed. Among various (vapor-liquid-solid (VLS), vapor-solid (VS) and thermal oxidation) growth methods, the thermal oxidation method enables an in situ integration of WO_3-x nanowires on predefined electrodes (so-called bridged nanowire devices) via the oxidation of lithographically patterned W film at relatively low growth temperature (~500 ℃) because of interfacial strain, defects and oxygen on the surface of the W film. The novel bridged nanowire-based sensor devices outperform traditional lateral nanowire devices in terms of larger exposure area, low power consumption via self-heating, and greater convenience in device processing. Recent progress in bridged WO_3-x nanowire devices and sensitive NO_x molecule detection under low power consumption have also been reviewed. Power consumption of as low as a few milliwatts was achieved, and the detection limit of NO₂ was reduced to 0.3 ppb (1 ppb = 1 × 10^-9, volume fraction). In situ formed bridged WO_3-x nanowire devices potentially satisfy the strict requirements of IoT sensors (small dimension, low power consumption, high integration, low cost, high sensitivity, and selectivity), and hold great promises for future IoT sensors.     

制备方法对稀土金属钇改性Ni_2P催化剂结构及其加氢脱硫性能的影响

采用一步法和分步法制备了钇(Y)改性的非负载型Y_x-Ni_2P催化剂(x为Y和Ni的物质的量比),并采用X射线衍射(XRD)、N_2吸附比表面积(BET)测定、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)技术对催化剂的结构和性质进行了表征。以二苯并噻吩(DBT)为模型化合物,研究了制备方法对Y_x-Ni_2P催化剂加氢脱硫(HDS)性能的影响。结果表明,Y改性可以抑制Ni5P4杂晶相的生成,促进Ni_2P活性相的生成,能显著提高催化剂的比表面积和孔容,从而有效提高磷化镍催化剂的HDS活性。Y/Ni物质的量比为0.10时,两种方法制备的催化剂均具有最高的HDS活性。与分步法相比,一步法制备得到的催化剂具有更大的比表面积和孔容,更小的表面P/Ni物质的量比,更高的CO吸附容量,暴露出更多的Ni活性位点,从而具有更高的HDS活性。在340℃,3.0 M Pa,H_2/油体积比为700,质量空速(WHSV)1.5 h~(-1)的条件下,一步法制得的Y_(0.10)-Ni_2P催化剂上DBT HDS转化率达到97.7%,与分步法制备的Y_(0.10)-Ni_2P催化剂相比(92.3%),HDS活性提高了5.4%。     

自蔓延高温燃烧合成法制备CeWTiO_x催化剂及其NH_3-SCR性能

采用自蔓延高温燃烧合成法制备了CeWTiO_x系列催化剂并考察了其氨选择性催化还原NO_x(NH_3-SCR)性能。利用X射线衍射、N_2吸附-脱附、H_2程序升温还原、X射线光电子能谱、NH_3程序升温脱附表征和分析了催化剂晶相、结构、氧化还原能力和酸性强度与其活性之间的关系。结果表明,Ce_(40)W_(10)TiO_x催化剂在150-430℃NO转化率可达80%以上,含硫条件下200℃NO转化率可保持在97%左右。结果表明,该催化剂的低温活性和抗硫性能主要与W的掺杂有关。钨的存在减弱了Ce-O键的强度,降低了CeO2的结晶度和减小了晶粒粒径,增加了催化剂表面活性氧含量和酸量,提高了其性能。     

n-InP在Fe~(3+)/Fe~(2+)溶液中光脉冲暂态行为研究

本文应用光脉冲技术研究了电极电位及电流对n-InP在Fe~(3+)/Fe~(2+)溶液中暂态行为的影响。结果表明,响应峰值处的规律与稳态相似,电位及电流对衰减影响可用逆扩散机理来解释,光强变化对衰减无影响。实验中还发现响应衰减过程有过冲现象。最后讨论了光强及电极电位对输出电量的影响。