TiO2-Al2O3载体的制备方法对其负载的磷化镍催化剂加氢脱氮反应性能的影响

采用共沉淀法和原位溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO₂-Al₂O₃复合载体,其负载的磷化镍催化剂采用等体积浸渍法和H₂原位还原法制备. 通过N₂吸附（BET）、X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电镜（TEM）、程序升温还原（TPR）,X射线光电子能谱（XPS）和等离子体发射光谱（ICP-AES）表征技术对催化剂进行了表征,并通过喹啉的加氢脱氮反应评价了催化剂的加氢脱氮性能. 结果表明,原位溶胶-凝胶法制成的复合载体基本保留了原有的γ-Al₂O₃的孔特征,具有较大的比表面积和较宽的孔分布,TiO₂主要以表面富集的形式分散在管状的γ-Al₂O₃表面,其负载的磷化镍催化剂还原后所形成的活性相为Ni₂P和Ni₁₂P₅;而共沉淀法制成的复合载体比表面积较小,孔径分布更加集中,TiO₂趋于在块状的Al₂O₃表面均匀分散,其负载的磷化镍催化剂具有更好的可还原性,还原后所形成的活性相为Ni₂P. 不同的载体制备方法和不同的钛铝比对催化剂加氢脱氮性能影响较大,当n（Ti）/n（Al）=1/8时,共沉淀法载体负载的催化剂表现出最佳的加氢脱氮性能,在340 ℃,3 MPa,氢油体积比500,液时空速3 h^-1的反应条件下,喹啉的脱氮率可以达到91.3%.     

桥连氧化钨纳米线的可控合成及气敏性质

The rapid development of industrialization has resulted in severe environmental problems. A comprehensive assessment of air quality is urgently required all around the world. Among various technologies used in gas molecule detection, including Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy (MS), electrochemical sensors, and metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) gas sensors, MOS gas sensors possess the advantages of small dimension, low power consumption, high sensitivity, low production cost, and excellent silicon chip compatibility. MOS sensors hold great promise for future Internet of Things (IoT) sensors, which will have a profound impact on indoor and outdoor air quality monitoring. The development of nanotechnology has significantly enhanced the development of MOS gas sensors. Among various nanostructures like nanoparticles, nanosheets and nanowires, the emergence of quasi-one-dimensional (q1D) nanowires/nanorods/nanofibers, with unique q1D geometry (facilitating fast carrier transport) and large surface-to-volume ratio, potentially act as ideal sensing channels for MOS sensors with extremely small dimension, and good stability and sensitivity. These structures have thus been the focus of extensive research. Among the various MOS nanomaterials available, tungsten oxide (WO_3-x, 0 ≤ x < 1) nanowires feature the characteristic properties (multiple oxidation states, rich substoichiometric oxides with distinct properties, photo/electrochromism, (photo)catalytic properties, etc.), and unique q1D geometry (single-crystalline pathway for fast carrier transport, large surface-to-volume ratio, etc.). WO_3-x nanowires have broad applications in smart windows, energy conversation & storage, and gas sensing devices, and have thus become a focus of attention. In this paper, the fundamental properties of tungsten oxide, synthesis methods and growth mechanism of tungsten oxide nanowires are reviewed. Among various (vapor-liquid-solid (VLS), vapor-solid (VS) and thermal oxidation) growth methods, the thermal oxidation method enables an in situ integration of WO_3-x nanowires on predefined electrodes (so-called bridged nanowire devices) via the oxidation of lithographically patterned W film at relatively low growth temperature (~500 ℃) because of interfacial strain, defects and oxygen on the surface of the W film. The novel bridged nanowire-based sensor devices outperform traditional lateral nanowire devices in terms of larger exposure area, low power consumption via self-heating, and greater convenience in device processing. Recent progress in bridged WO_3-x nanowire devices and sensitive NO_x molecule detection under low power consumption have also been reviewed. Power consumption of as low as a few milliwatts was achieved, and the detection limit of NO₂ was reduced to 0.3 ppb (1 ppb = 1 × 10^-9, volume fraction). In situ formed bridged WO_3-x nanowire devices potentially satisfy the strict requirements of IoT sensors (small dimension, low power consumption, high integration, low cost, high sensitivity, and selectivity), and hold great promises for future IoT sensors.     

Hydroamination of Dihapto-Coordinated Benzene and Diene Complexes of Tungsten: Fundamental Studies and the Synthesis of γ-Lycorane

Reactions are described for complexes of the form WTp(NO)(PMe₃)(η²-arene) and various amines, where the arene is benzene or benzene with an electron-withdrawing substituent (CF₃, SO₂Ph, SO₂Me). The arene complex is first protonated to form an η²-arenium species, which then selectively adds the amine. The resulting η²-5-amino-1,3-cyclohexadiene complexes can then be subjected to the same sequence with a second nucleophile to form 3-aminocyclohexene complexes, where up to three stereocenters originate from the arene carbons. Alternatively, 1,3-cyclohexadiene complexes containing an ester group at the 5 position (also prepared from an arene) can be treated with acid followed by an amine to form trisubstituted 3-aminocyclohexenes. When the amine is primary, ring closure can occur to form a cis-fused bicyclic γ-lactam. Highly functionalized cyclohexenes can be liberated from the tungsten through oxidative decomplexation. The potential utility of this methodology is demonstrated in the synthesis of the alkaloid γ-lycorane. An enantioenriched synthesis of a lactam precursor to γ-lycorane is also described. This compound is prepared from an enantioenriched version of the tungsten benzene complex. Regio- and stereochemical assignments for the reported compounds are supported by detailed 2D-NMR analysis and 13 molecular structure determinations (SC-XRD).     

制备方法对稀土金属钇改性Ni_2P催化剂结构及其加氢脱硫性能的影响

采用一步法和分步法制备了钇(Y)改性的非负载型Y_x-Ni_2P催化剂(x为Y和Ni的物质的量比),并采用X射线衍射(XRD)、N_2吸附比表面积(BET)测定、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)技术对催化剂的结构和性质进行了表征。以二苯并噻吩(DBT)为模型化合物,研究了制备方法对Y_x-Ni_2P催化剂加氢脱硫(HDS)性能的影响。结果表明,Y改性可以抑制Ni5P4杂晶相的生成,促进Ni_2P活性相的生成,能显著提高催化剂的比表面积和孔容,从而有效提高磷化镍催化剂的HDS活性。Y/Ni物质的量比为0.10时,两种方法制备的催化剂均具有最高的HDS活性。与分步法相比,一步法制备得到的催化剂具有更大的比表面积和孔容,更小的表面P/Ni物质的量比,更高的CO吸附容量,暴露出更多的Ni活性位点,从而具有更高的HDS活性。在340℃,3.0 M Pa,H_2/油体积比为700,质量空速(WHSV)1.5 h~(-1)的条件下,一步法制得的Y_(0.10)-Ni_2P催化剂上DBT HDS转化率达到97.7%,与分步法制备的Y_(0.10)-Ni_2P催化剂相比(92.3%),HDS活性提高了5.4%。     

WO3 Nanowire/Carbon Nanotube Interlayer as a Chemical Adsorption Mediator for High-Performance Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

We developed a new nanowire for enhancing the performance of lithium-sulfur batteries. In this study, we synthesized WO₃ nanowires (WNWs) via a simple hydrothermal method. WNWs and one-dimensional materials are easily mixed with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to form interlayers. The WNW interacts with lithium polysulfides through a thiosulfate mediator, retaining the lithium polysulfide near the cathode to increase the reaction kinetics. The lithium-sulfur cell achieves a very high initial discharge capacity of 1558 and 656 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.1 and 3 C, respectively. Moreover, a cell with a high sulfur mass loading of 4.2 mg cm⁻² still delivers a high capacity of 1136 mAh g⁻¹ at a current density of 0.2 C and it showed a capacity of 939 mAh g⁻¹ even after 100 cycles. The WNW/CNT interlayer maintains structural stability even after electrochemical testing. This excellent performance and structural stability are due to the chemical adsorption and catalytic effects of the thiosulfate mediator on WNW.     

过渡金属磷化物的制备及电催化析氢性能提升策略

氢能是一种绿色、 高效的二次能源, 在廉价的非贵金属催化剂的辅助下, 电解水制氢以其低成本和高效率受到广泛关注. 过渡金属磷化物因其独特近似球形三角棱柱单元结构能够暴露出更多配位不饱和表面原子, 因此在电解水制氢中表现出优异的催化活性和强耐腐蚀性. 本文综述了过渡金属磷化物的制备方法和在电催化析氢中的应用和性能的改善策略. 最后讨论了过渡金属磷化物催化剂存在的一些亟待解决的问题, 并展望了其未来的发展方向.     

The Superstructure of Lead Tetragonal Tungsten Bronze

Electron-optical studies of the superstructure of lead tetragonal tungsten bronze (lead-TTB) are presented. Samples were synthesized for a range of lead compositions and synthesis conditions. For lead-TTB synthesized for very short reaction times, compositional analysis combined with electron diffraction revealed these specimens to also contain significant levels of an intergrowth tungsten bronze (ITB) phase. It was proposed that ITB was formed during the reaction as an intermediate between the tungsten oxide reagent and lead-TTB. Electron-diffraction investigations of lead-TTB over a range of specimen compositions determined that the large majority of crystallites examined exhibited a well-ordered 2√2a_TTB×√2b_TTB×2c_TTB supercell periodicity, although evidence of a larger a-axis repeat was also observed. No evidence for a variation in the supercell with lead composition was observed. A model for the supercell was generated from consideration of stacking sequences of correlated ordered arrays of lead and tilted octahedra and it was demonstrated that larger superstructures could be generated using alternative stacking sequences.     

Heterogeneously catalyzed efficient hydration of alkynes to ketones by tin-tungsten mixed oxides

The Sn–W mixed oxide prepared by calcination of the Sn–W mixed hydroxide precursor with a Sn/W molar ratio of 2:1 at 800 °C (SnW2‐800) acts as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the hydration of alkynes. Structurally diverse terminal and internal alkynes, including aromatic, aliphatic, and double‐bond‐containing ones, can be converted into the corresponding ketones in moderate to high yields. The catalytic activity of SnW2‐800 is much higher than those of previously reported heterogeneous catalysts and commonly utilized acid catalysts. The observed catalysis was truly heterogeneous, and the retrieved catalyst can be reused at least three times with retention of its high catalytic performance. The reaction rate for the SnW2‐800‐catalyzed hydration was decreased by addition of 2,6‐lutidine and the hydration hardly proceeded in the presence of an equimolar amount of this compound with respect to that of the Brønsted acid sites in SnW2‐800. Therefore, the present hydration is mainly promoted by the Brønsted acid sites in SnW2‐800.