Highly Efficient One-Pot Synthesis of 2-Arylmethyl N-Substituted Anilines via Yb（OTf）3 Catalyzed Three-Component Reaction

An efficient method has been developed for one-pot three-component coupling reactions of various aldehydes, 1-cyclohexen-2-one, and primary or secondary amines in the presence of a catalytic amount of Yb（OTf）3 under mild conditions to afford the corresponding 2-arylmethyl N-substituted anilines in good yields. In addition, the catalyst was easily recovered and could be reused for at least four cycles without any loss of activity.     

Synthesis of N-（α-Alkoxyalkyl）benzotriazoles Catalyzed by Acidic Ionic Liquid at Room Temperature

N-（α-Alkoxyalkyl）benzotriazoles were synthesized via the condensation of benzotriazole with various aldehydes and alcohols catalyzed by acidic ionic liquid [hmim]HSO4 at room temperature. The yield was up to 99%. This novel method was effective when triethoxymethane was utilized instead of alcohols. Moreover, acidic ionic liquid could be reused easily with no significant degradation of its catalytic activity.     

Br(o)nsted酸性离子液体在醛醇缩合反应中的应用

合成了一系列Br(o)nsted酸性离子液体并将其应用在醛醇缩合反应中.醛醇缩合产物由于极好的溶剂性质等被广泛用作溶剂和试剂.离子液体[BSmim][OTf]在甲醛和乙二醇缩合生成1,3-二氧五环的反应中表现出了极好的催化活性,甲醛转化率和主产物1,3-二氧五环选择性分别可以达到96.1％和92.4％.对影响离子液体催化性能的因素进行了探索,并对催化反应中的离子液体的用量、反应温度、反应时间以及反应物料比进行了考察.通过Hammett酸度函数法测定了所用到离子液体的酸性,结果表明离子液体酸性与其在缩合反应中的催化活性顺序完全一致,酸性越强催化性能越好.结合实验给出了离子液体[BSmim][OTf]催化甲醛和乙二醇缩合反应的可能的反应机理.该催化剂体系具有良好的催化性能,反应可以在较温和的条件下进行,实现了高活性和高选择性的目标,产物易分离,催化剂重复使用7次,其催化活性基本不变.并将该Br(o)nsted酸性离子液体进一步应用到其他醛(酮)醇缩合反应中.     

蒙脱土负载碘催化多组分合成咪唑衍生物

以苯偶酰(1)、苯甲醛(2a)、苯胺(3)和醋酸铵（4)为原料,蒙脱土负载碘和三乙烯二胺（DABCO）为催化剂,通过多组分法合成了6种1,2,4,5-四芳基-1,3-咪唑衍生物,其结构经¹H NMR和IR确证。对反应条件进行了优化。结果表明：在最优反应条件｛以10 mol%MMT/I₂为催化剂,10 mol%DABCO为碱,正丁醇为溶剂,原料配比r［n(1）：n(2a) ：n(3) ：n(4)］=1.0：2.0：2.0：8.0,于110 ℃反应16 h｝下,产率最高为91.5%。     

TiO2晶面依赖的Ir-TiOx相互作用对Ir/TiO2催化剂巴豆醛选择性加氢性能的影响

α,β-不饱和醇是一类重要的精细化学品,主要通过α,β-不饱和醛选择性加氢获得.由于α,β-不饱和醛分子中含有共轭的C=C键和C=O键,且后者键能更大,在热力学和动力学上均不利于C=O键的选择性加氢生成α,β-不饱和醇.因此,提高α,β-不饱和醛中C=O的加氢选择性是催化领域中一项挑战性的课题.巴豆醛属于典型的α,β-不饱和醛,研究其选择性加氢生成巴豆醇具有广泛的代表意义;Ir负载在具有还原性载体(如TiO2)上时,表现出很好的C=O加氢选择性,因此,成为近年来的研究热点.由于暴露不同晶面的TiO2具有不同的形貌和电子结构,因此研究Ir-TiO2相互作用的晶面依赖性及其对巴豆醛选择性加氢反应的影响具有重要意义.本文以分别暴露{101}、{100}和{001}晶面的锐钛矿TiO2纳米晶为载体,制备了负载型Ir/TiO2催化剂,系统研究了催化剂经过不同的预处理过程(在不同温度下H2还原和O2再氧化)后对巴豆醛的气相选择性加氢的性能.利用高分辨透射电镜、原位X射线光电子能谱和原位漫反射红外光谱及氨程序升温脱附等技术研究发现,预处理条件显著改变了Ir-TiOx的相互作用,包括Ir金属的几何、电子性质及催化剂表面酸性.这种相互作用与TiO2的暴露晶面密切相关,从而改变了不同Ir/TiO2催化剂上不同加氢反应行为.研究结果表明,经300℃预还原的Ir/TiO2-{101}催化剂催化性能最好,在80℃下初始反应速率为166.1 μmol g-Ir-1 s-1,巴豆醇的生成转化频率为0.022 s-1.与其他催化剂相比,Ir/TiO2-{101}催化剂表面Ir0浓度最高,表面酸度适中,因此表现出最佳的催化性能.同时Ir-TiOx界面在反应中的协同作用,对H2和巴豆醛分子中C=O键的吸附和活化起到了关键作用.然而当催化剂经过400℃的H2预还原后,由于产生了强的金属-载体相互作用使得TiOx对Ir粒子进行了包裹从而导致Ir-TiOx界面缺失,因而催化剂催化巴豆醛加氢性能降低.本文为理解金属-载体相互作用对巴豆醛选择性加氢反应的影响提供了新的见解,并为设计高性能α,β-不饱和醛选择性加氢催化剂提供了理论依据.     

A Theoretical Model for Release Dynamics of an Antifungal Agent Covalently Bonded to the Chitosan

The aim of the study was to create a mathematical model useful for monitoring the release of bioactive aldehydes covalently bonded to the chitosan by reversible imine linkage, considered as a polymer–drug system. For this purpose, two hydrogels were prepared by the acid condensation reaction of chitosan with the antifungal 2-formyl-phenyl-boronic acid and their particularities; influencing the release of the antifungal aldehyde by shifting the imination equilibrium to the reagents was considered, i.e., the supramolecular nature of the hydrogels was highlighted by polarized light microscopy, while scanning electron microscopy showed their microporous morphology. Furthermore, the in vitro fungicidal activity was investigated on two fungal strains and the in vitro release curves of the antifungal aldehyde triggered by the pH stimulus were drawn. The theoretical model was developed starting from the hypothesis that the imine-chitosan system, both structurally and functionally, can be assimilated, from a mathematical point of view, with a multifractal object, and its dynamics were analyzed in the framework of the Scale Relativity Theory. Thus, through Riccati-type gauges, two synchronous dynamics, one in the scale space, associated with the fungicidal activity, and the other in the usual space, associated with the antifungal aldehyde release, become operational. Their synchronicity, reducible to the isomorphism of two SL(2R)-type groups, implies, by means of its joint invariant functions, bioactive aldehyde compound release dynamics in the form of “kink–antikink pairs” dynamics of a multifractal type. Finally, the theoretical model was validated through the experimental data.     

Design,Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and In Silico Study of Benzyloxybenzaldehyde Derivatives as Selective ALDH1A3 Inhibitors

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A3 (ALDH1A3) has recently gained attention from researchers in the cancer field. Several studies have reported ALDH1A3 overexpression in different cancer types, which has been found to correlate with poor treatment recovery. Therefore, finding selective inhibitors against ALDH1A3 could result in new treatment options for cancer treatment. In this study, ALDH1A3-selective candidates were designed based on the physiological substrate resemblance, synthesized and investigated for ALDH1A1, ALDH1A3 and ALDH3A1 selectivity and cytotoxicity using ALDH-positive A549 and ALDH-negative H1299 cells. Two compounds (ABMM-15 and ABMM-16), with a benzyloxybenzaldehyde scaffold, were found to be the most potent and selective inhibitors for ALDH1A3, with IC₅₀ values of 0.23 and 1.29 µM, respectively. The results also show no significant cytotoxicity for ABMM-15 and ABMM-16 on either cell line. However, a few other candidates (ABMM-6, ABMM-24, ABMM-32) showed considerable cytotoxicity on H1299 cells, when compared to A549 cells, with IC₅₀ values of 14.0, 13.7 and 13.0 µM, respectively. The computational study supported the experimental results and suggested a good binding for ABMM-15 and ABMM-16 to the ALDH1A3 isoform. From the obtained results, it can be concluded that benzyloxybenzaldehyde might be considered a promising scaffold for further drug discovery aimed at exploiting ALDH1A3 for therapeutic intervention.     

镍催化α,β-不饱和醛的选择性α,β-双芳基化反应

三组分双官能化反应是一种高效、简便构建C―C键、C―X键的方式. 双键广泛存在于众多有机化合物中, 对双键的双官能化反应研究有巨大的应用潜力. 本工作以Ni(COD)₂为催化剂, 以芳基溴化镁、芳基溴化物为芳基化试剂, 实现了3-芳基-2-丙烯醛亚胺中碳碳双键的双芳基化反应. 该反应建立了一个新的镍催化α,β-不饱和醛的α,β-双芳基化方法, 可以高度区域选择性地向底物分子中引入两个不同取代的芳环, 得到多种2,3,3-三芳基丙醛骨架的产物. 利用这一反应作为核心步骤实现了天然产物Quebecol的简便合成. 机理研究表明, 该反应可能经历了亲核加成、金属交换、还原消除的历程.     

Exploiting Protein N-Terminus for Site-Specific Bioconjugation

Although a plethora of chemistries have been developed to selectively decorate protein molecules, novel strategies continue to be reported with the final aim of improving selectivity and mildness of the reaction conditions, preserve protein integrity, and fulfill all the increasing requirements of the modern applications of protein conjugates. The targeting of the protein N-terminal alpha-amine group appears a convenient solution to the issue, emerging as a useful and unique reactive site universally present in each protein molecule. Herein, we provide an updated overview of the methodologies developed until today to afford the selective modification of proteins through the targeting of the N-terminal alpha-amine. Chemical and enzymatic strategies enabling the selective labeling of the protein N-terminal alpha-amine group are described.