Synthesis and Characterization of Polyureas from Aniline Trimer with TDI, MDI and HDI as pH Sensitive Materials

A series of polyureas were synthesized through the reaction of aniline trimer with toluene‐diisocyanate, diphenylmethane‐4,4′‐diisocyanate, and hexamethylene‐1,6‐diisocyanate, respectively. The chemical structure of these polyureas was characterized and verified by FT‐IR, ¹H NMR, elemental analysis, UV, XRD and CV. The conductivity of these polyureas ranged from 10^?7 to 10^?6 S/cm measured by four‐point‐probe instrument. Compared to the standalone aniline trimer, the stability (thermal stability and electrochemical stability), response range and sensitivity of these polyureas are enhanced. The sensitivity of these polyureas DMF solution to pH value is superior to that of the standalone aniline trimer. The color of the polyureas DMF solution is greatly depended on pH value and the color change process is reversible, whenever from base to acid or from acid to base. These enhancements may give these polyureas more opportunities in order to be used as sensor materials.     

Nanostructured Hybrid Systems with Rhodamine 6G

We synthesized hybrid materials by sol-gel process, using: methyltriethoxysilane, tetraetylorthosilicate and vinyltriethoxysilane, in the presence of Rhodamine 6G. It was synthesized as well organic-inorganic hybrids with addition of tetraisopropyl orthotitanate and maleic anhydride UV-VIS spectra of dye show two absorption peaks at 499 nm (dimer) and 530 nm (monomer). Evaluating FTIR spectra of hybrid films, it was observed a band at 1077 cm^?1, characteristic of the asymmetric Si-O-Si stretching vibration in oligomer. Fluorescence spectra show that tetraisopropyl orthotitanate presence in the composites modifies the nature of the inorganic matrix and affects the interaction with the added dye.     

UV resistance of encapsulated low molecular weight aromatic compounds in fluoroalkyl end‐capped trimethoxyvinylsilane oligomer/silica nanocomposites

Sol–gel reactions of fluoroalkyl end‐capped trimethoxyvinylsilane oligomer in the presence of low molecular weight aromatic compounds (ArH) such as 1,1′‐bi(2‐naphthol) (BINOL) and 2‐hydroxy‐4‐methoxy benzophenone (HMB) were found to proceed smoothly under alkaline conditions at room temperature to give the corresponding fluorinated oligomeric silica nanocomposites‐encapsulated aromatic compounds (BINOL and HMB) [R_F‐(VM‐SiO₂)_n‐R_F/ArH nanocomposites]. UV light irradiation (λ_max: 254 nm) toward R_F‐(VM‐SiO₂)_n‐R_F/ArH nanocomposites showed that photodegradation of encapsulated ArH was not observed at all in the fluorinated nanocomposites cores, although the parent ArH can exhibit an effective photodegradation behavior under similar conditions. Especially, encapsulated ArH can exhibit no weight loss corresponding to the contents of the aromatic compounds in the fluorinated nanocomposites even after calcination at 800°C. Therefore, fluoroalkyl end‐capped trimethoxyvinylsilane oligomer has high potential for not only the thermal resistance but also the UV resistance fluorinated polymeric materials. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

四氟乙烯五聚体及其衍生物的结构

本文研究了四氟乙烯五聚体(Ⅰ)的反应,并得到一系列具有端基烯氟的新化合物Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅵ。由化合物Ⅱ、Ⅲ(E)、Ⅵ(E)的~(19)F核磁共振谱,可观察到其中CF_2部分为二个相等强度的共振吸收峰,而化合物Ⅰ的CF_2部分为一单峰。比较一系列化合物结构和~(19)F核磁共振谱及~(19)F核磁共振变温实验后,可以发现在四氟乙烯五聚体及其衍生物中,密集的全氟叔己基基团按一定方向排列,其中二个全氟乙基中的CF_2基团在化合物Ⅲ(E)或Ⅵ(E)中与烯基氟在空间距离上是处于相近的,面对着的位置,而另一个CF_3基团则处于远离的背对着烯基氟的位置。在这里,二个CF_2基团产生磁不等性,从而导致不同的化学位移,这似乎是与相隔五个键的烯基氟的相互作用有关。     

All‐aromatic liquid crystalline thermosets with high glass transition temperatures

We have synthesized and characterized a new family of low melting all‐aromatic ester‐based liquid crystal oligomers end‐capped with reactive phenylethynyl end groups. In a consecutive, high‐temperature step, the reactive end groups were thermally activated and polymerization was initiated. This reactive oligomer approach allows us to synthesize liquid crystal thermosets with outstanding mechanical and thermal properties, which are superior to well‐known high‐performance polymers such as PPS and PEEK. We have modified an intractable LC formulation based on hydroquinone and terephthalic acid, with M_n = 1000, 5000, and 9000 g mol^?1, and varied the backbone composition using isophthalic acid, resorcinol, 4‐hydroxy‐benzoic acid, 6‐hydroxy‐2‐naphthoic acid, and chlorohydroquinone. All fully cured polymers showed glass transition temperatures in the range of 164–275 °C, and high storage moduli at room temperature (～ 5 GPa) and elevated temperature (～ 2 GPa at 200 °C). All oligomers display nematic mesophases and in most cases, the nematic order is maintained after cure. Rheology experiments showed that the phenylethynyl end group undergoes predominantly chain extension below 340 °C and crosslinking above this temperature. Highly aligned fibers could be spun from the nematic melt, and we found that the order parameter 〈P₂〉 was not affected by the chain extension and crosslink chemistry. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 1368–1380, 2009     

One‐stage synthesis of narrowly dispersed polymeric core‐shell microspheres

A method of one‐stage soap‐free emulsion polymerization to synthesize narrowly dispersed core‐shell microspheres is proposed. Following this method, core‐shell microspheres of poly(styrene‐co‐4‐vinylpyridine), poly(styrene‐co‐methyl acrylic acid), and poly[styrene‐co‐2‐(acetoacetoxy)ethyl methacrylate‐co‐methyl acrylic acid] are synthesized by one‐stage soap‐free emulsion polymerization of a mixture of one or two hydrophobic monomers and a suitable hydrophilic monomer in water. The effect of the molar ratio of the hydrophobic monomer to the hydrophilic one on the size, the core thickness, and the shell thickness of the core‐shell microspheres is discussed. The molar ratio of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic monomers and the hydrophilicity of the resultant oligomers of the hydrophilic monomer are optimized to synthesize narrowly dispersed core‐shell microspheres. A possible mechanism of one‐stage soap‐free emulsion polymerization to synthesize core‐shell microspheres is suggested and coagglutination of the oligomers of the hydrophilic monomers on the hydrophobic core is considered to be the key to form core‐shell microspheres. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 1192–1202, 2008     

Dimer effect on fractional polycondensation of poly(p‐oxybenzoyl)

Selective preparation of poly(p‐oxybenzoyl) (POB) crystals was examined from the viewpoint of a dimer effect on fractional polycondensation. Four different copolymerization systems were chosen as the combinations of p‐acetoxybenzoic acid (p‐ABA), m‐acetoxybenzoic acid (m‐ABA), and their dimers. The crystals obtained from the copolymerization of the dimer of p‐ABA (p‐ABAD) and m‐ABA contained only 3.1 mol % of m‐oxybenzoyl moiety even at high content of m‐oxybenzoyl moiety in feed (χ_f) of 40 mol %. p‐Oxybenzoyl homo‐oligomers were more rapidly formed from p‐ABAD in the solution than from p‐ABA, and they were crystallized to form the crystals with segregating co‐oligomers. While co‐oligomers containing more m‐oxybenzoyl moiety were formed in the solution, afterward they were unable to be phase‐separated because of higher miscibility. The further polycondensation proceeded in the precipitated crystal, and finally the POB crystal was selectively formed. Lower polymerization temperature and concentration enhanced the fractionability, and the POB crystals containing less than 1 mol % m‐oxybenzoyl moiety were prepared at χ_f of 30 mol %, 270 °C, and a concentration of 0.5%. The dimer effect on the fractional polycondensation was clearly observed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 1598–1606, 2008     

紫外光固化的环氧丙烯酸酯的合成及其性能的研究

以环氧树脂和丙烯酸为原料,合成了可紫外光固化的环氧丙烯酸酯的预聚物（ Ａ Ｅ Ｏ）,研究了反应时间、催化剂的加入量与加料方式对反应速度和产物性能的影响;同时也测定了不同类型的光敏剂对 Ａ Ｅ Ｏ 的光固化速率,筛选了一种合适的光固化体系,并且用 Ｉ Ｒ 表征了环氧树脂与丙烯酸的混合物、 Ａ Ｅ Ｏ 和光固化了的 Ａ Ｅ Ｏ 的结构特征