THERMODYNAMIC STUDY ON ADSORPTION OF AROMATIC SULFONIC ACIDS ONTO MACROPOROUS WEAK BASE ANION EXCHANGER FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS

 The adsorption equilibrium isotherms of three aromatic sulfonic acid compounds, 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid and p-chlorobenzenesulfonic acid, from aqueous solutions by macroporous weak base anion exchanger within the temperature range of 293 K-313 K were obtained. Several isotherm equations were correlated with the equilibrium data, and the experimental data was found to fit the three-parameter Redlich-Peterson equation best within the entire range of concentrations. The study showed that the hydrophobicity of solute has distinct influence on adsorption capacity of the anion exchanger for the aromatic sulfonic acid. Moreover, estimations of the isosteric enthalpy, free energy,and entropy change of adsorption were also reported. The positive isosteric enthalpy and entropy change for adsorption indicate an endothermic and entropy driven process in the present study.     

Solvothermal Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Electrochemical Property of Complex [Co(p-MBA)2(2,2''-bipy)(H2O)]·(H2O)

One novel complex [Co(p-MBA)2(2,2'-bipy)(H2O)]·(H2O) has been synthesized by the reaction of p-methylbenzoic acid with 2,2'-bipyridine in the solvent mixture of water and methanol. It crystallizes in triclinic, space group P-1 with a=0.70479(14), b=1.1211(2), c=1.6718(3) nm, α=103.806(3), β=90.795(3), γ=104.207(3)°, V=1.2399(4) nm3, Mr=512.41, Dc=1.373 g/cm3, Z=2, F(000)=532, μ=0.733 mm-1, R=0.0432 and wR=0.0957. The crystal structural analysis shows that the cobalt atom is coordinated with three oxygen atoms from two p-methylbenzoic acids and one water molecule and two nitrogen atoms from one 2,2'-bipyridine,forming a distorted square-pyramidal coordination geometry. The cyclic voltammetry behavior of the complex is also reported.     

Optimization of the process variables for the synthesis of cardanol-based novolac-type phenolic resin using response surface methodology

Models capable of predicting the maximum extent of conversion (p) of cardanol-based novolac-type phenolic resin, have been developed using response surface methodology to determine the optimum reaction conditions. Three-dimensional response surface and their contour plot were drawn. The maximum extent of conversion (98.93%) was predicted when the cardanol was condensed with formaldehyde (molar ratio 1:0.652) at 119.84 °C for a time period of 3 h with the catalyst (e.g., citric acid) concentration of 1.988% of total volume of cardanol and formaldehyde. The pH of the reaction mixture was maintained at 3.0. These predicted values for optimum process conditions were in good agreement with experimental data.     

Surface effects on phase transition behavior and thermal polymerization of long-chain diynoic acids in micro DSC measurements

Effects of metal surfaces, such as aluminium, silver and gold, on the melting behavior and thermal polymerization of long-chain diynoic acids having a diacetylene group at different positions were investigated by thermal analyses using DSC, TG and other methods. The surface effects of metals were significant in the order of Ag, Al and Au. These effects are attributable to the anchoring of carboxyl group on the surface by chemisorption, which leads to unfavorable condition for polymerization of heptadeca-2,4-diynoic acid. In the case of tricosa-10,12-diynoic acid, containing a flexible methylene chain, inserted between COOH and C≡C?C≡C groups, the anchoring of COOH on the metal surface causes rather favorable effect on the polymerization.     

Mechanochemical Preparation of Water-Soluble Forms of Triterpene Acids

A waste-free technology for mechanochemical processing of fir needles into a biologically active preparation that regulates plant growth was developed. A preparation exhibiting cytokinin activity due to the presence in it of water-soluble forms of triterpene acids can be prepared using the proposed method. The effectiveness of the proposed method was confirmed by instrumental methods and biological tests.     

Synthesis and characterization of a new isocyanato carborane anion [7-OCN-7-CB10H12]; study on its reactivity toward amino containing compounds

The new isocyanato carborane anion, [7-OCN-7-CB₁₀H₁₂]⁻ was prepared by the reaction of 7-H₃N-7-CB₁₀H₁₂ with triphosgene in the presence of triethylamine. The structure of this compound was established by ¹H, ¹¹B and ¹³C NMR as well as IR spectroscopy. The reactivigty of this compound with a series of organic amines was investigated. The resulting ureas were obtained in good to excellent yields. This approach is suitable for development of compounds for use in tumor selective Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT).     

Analysis of Hydrolysis Reaction of N-Phosphoryl Phenylalanine by HPLC-ESI-MS／MS

Hydrolysis procedure of N-phosphoryl phenylalanine (DIPP-Phe) was studied by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. The results showed that (HO)(i-PrO)P(O)Phe was the main intermediate and the hydrolysis of DIPP-Phe also occurred through a penta-coordinate transition state.     

Equilibrium Studies of Binary and Ternary Complexes Involving Tricine and Some Selected α-Amino Acids

Summary. The formation equilibria for the binary complexes of Co^II, Ni^II, Cu^II, Zn^II, Cd^II, Mn^II, Pb^II, Th^IV, UO₂^II, and Ce^III with tricine and for the ternary complexes involving some -amino acids (glycine, -alanine, proline, serine, asparagine, and aspartic acid) were investigated using pH-metric technique. The formation of binary and ternary complexes was inferred from the pH-metric titration curves. It was deduced that tricine acts as a primary ligand in the ternary complexes involving the monocarboxylic amino acids (glycine, -alanine, proline, serine, and asparagine), whereas it behaves as a secondary ligand in the ternary systems containing the dicarboxylic aspartic acid. The ternary complex formation was found to take place in a stepwise manner. The stability constants of the complexes formed in aqueous solutions were determined potentiometrically under the experimental conditions (t=25°C, I=0.1moldm^–3 NaNO₃). The order of stability of the ternary complexes in terms of the nature of the amino acids is investigated and discussed. The values of log K for the ternary complexes have been evaluated and discussed. Evaluation of the effects of ionic strength and temperature of the medium on the stability of the ternary system M^II-tricine--alanine (M^II=Co^II, Ni^II, and Cu^II) has been studied. The thermodynamic parameters were calculated and discussed.     

Interactions of Some Amino Acids with Aqueous Tetraethylammonium Bromide at 298.15 K: A Volumetric Approach

The apparent molar volumes, V_,2, of glycine, L-alanine, DL--amino-n-butyric acid, L-valine, and L-leucine have been determined in aqueous 0.25, 0.75, 1.0, and 1.5 mol-dm^–3 tetraethylammonium bromide (TEAB) solutions by density measurements at 298.15 K. These data have been used to calculate the infinite dilution apparent molar volumes, V_2,m, for the amino acids in aqueous tetraethylammonium bromide and the standard partial molar volumes of transfer (_tr V_2,m) of the amino acids from water to the aqueous salt solutions. The linear correlation of V_2,m for a homologous series of amino acids has been utilized to calculate the contribution of the charged end groups (NH₃⁺, COO^–), CH₂ group, and other alkyl chains of the amino acids to V_2,m. The results of the standard partial molar volumes of transfer from water to aqueous tetraethylammonium bromide have been interpreted in terms of ion–ion, ion–polar, and hydrophobic–hydrophobic group interactions. The volume of transfer data suggest that ion–ion or ion–hydrophilic interactions are predominant in the case of glycine and alanine, and hydrophobic–hydrophobic group interactions are predominant in the case of DL--amino butyric acid, L-valine, and L-leucine.     

Direct conversion of tert-butyl 2-hydroxyalkyl sulfides to 1,3-oxathiolanes

tert-Butyl 2-hydroxyalkyl sulfides, prepared by reaction of epoxides with 2-methylpropane-2-thiol, are converted directly to 1,3-oxathiolanes upon treatment with pivalaldehyde and boron trifluoride diethyl etherate in the presence of thioanisole.