GC/MS法研究焦炉烟气中多环芳烃类污染物

焦炉烟气中的有机污染物种类繁多 ,但是对人类和生态环境有严重危害的主要是多环芳烃类化合物 [1～ 3] .由于该类化合物结构复杂 ,含量不等 ,因此 ,对其进行分析测试难度很大 .近年来 ,采用色谱 /质谱 (GC/ MS)联机、色谱 /红外 (GC/IR)联机、液相色谱 /质谱联机 (LC/ MS)以及超临界色谱 /质谱联机 (SFC/ MS)等新技术 ,对环境中的多环芳烃类化合物取得了高灵敏度和高选择性的定量分析结果 ,并获得了许多结构信息 .但在我国 ,只对个别地区进行了研究 [4～ 6] ,目前还难以普遍实现 .本文利用气相色谱 /质谱联用法 ,对鞍山钢铁公司炼焦…     

改性Fe/MnO催化剂的CO加氢催化性能与表面积碳(英文)

研究了一系列K、Cu、Co、Pd和Rh改性的Fd/MnO催化剂（Fe／Mn＝1／4）的CO加氢性能以获得更多的C~=_2～C~=_4低碳烯烃。在T=543K,压力为1．1MPa和GHSV=215h－1的反应条件下发现,除K－Fe/MnO外,一氧化碳加氢活性在改性催化剂上均有很大提高。其中,在Cu和Co改性的催化剂上C~=_2～C~=_4烯烃有所提高。此外,还研究了积碳对催化活性的影响,发现了表面积碳量与催化活性的关系。     

Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography with Mass Spectrometric Detection (GC × GC/MS) Applied to the Analysis of Petroleum

Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometric detection (GC × GC/MS) is a three-dimensional analytical method. In its application to petroleum analysis, the high peak capacity of GC × GC produced chromatographic resolution of over 750 peaks from a marine diesel fuel. The MS detector provided a full-scan mass spectrum for each resolved peak. The integration of an MS detector with GC × GC provides increased capability to identify minor components, determine members of homologous series, and characterize ordered peak patterns of related components that are visible in the GC × GC chromatogram.     

流化床快速制不定形活性焦脱除烟气中SO2的研究

利用大型流化床制得了适用于脱除烟道气中二氧化硫的不定形活性焦AC-A,并对其进行了特性分析,在固定床上考察了不同条件下脱除SO2的性能。与硫容相近的商业活性焦AC-B的脱硫性能对比,发现其脱硫性能较好。实验结果表明,在烟气中的二氧化硫的体积分数为0.05%~0.12%,反应温度为80 ℃～100 ℃,空速（GHSV）为1 200 h-1,O2的体积分数为6%,水蒸气为10%的情况下,活性焦AC-A保持SO2脱除率在90%以上达5 h。再生循环脱硫实验表明,活性焦AC-A具有良好的再生脱硫活性。     

Acid/Vanadium‐Containing Saponite for the Conversion of Propene into Coke: Potential Flame‐Retardant Filler for Nanocomposite Materials

Vanadium‐containing saponite samples were synthesized in a one‐pot synthetic procedure with the aim of preparing samples for potential application as fillers for polymeric composites. These vanadium‐modified materials were prepared from an acid support by adopting a synthetic strategy that allowed us to introduce isolated structural V species (H/V‐SAP). The physicochemical properties of these materials were investigated by XRD analysis and by DR‐UV/Vis and FTIR spectroscopy of CO that was adsorbed at 100 K; these data were compared to those of a V‐modified saponite material that did not contain any Brønsted acid sites (Na/V‐SAP). The surface‐acid properties of both samples (together with the fully acidic H‐SAP material and the Na‐SAP solid) were studied in the catalytic isomerization of α‐pinene oxide. The V‐containing solids were tested in the oxidative dehydrogenation reaction of propene to evaluate their potential use as flame‐retardant fillers for polymer composites. The effect of tuning the presence of Lewis/Brønsted acid sites was carefully studied. The V‐containing saponite sample that contained a marked presence of Brønsted acid sites showed the most interesting performance in the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) reactions because they produced coke, even at 773 K. The catalytic data presented herein indicate that the H/V‐SAP material is potentially active as a flame‐retardant filler.     

双烯合成反应与气相色谱法联合测定油品中共轭二烯烃含量的研究Ⅰ．填充柱气相色谱法

利用气相色谱快速、准确的分析特点，代替滴定法测定油品中共轭二烯烃合成反应后的水解、滴定等复杂步骤，分析时间是原来的１／５～１／６。研究了二烯合成反应的反应程度和碘、三氯化铝作催化剂的情况。建立了独特的内标法和二烯烃含量的计算公式。新法省去复杂的传统计算过程，使测定和计算变得简单、迅速。     

Thermal behavior of refinery atmospheric residue from some different oils

Summary Thermogravimetry (TG) was applied to evaluate the thermal behavior of five refinery atmospheric distillation residues (ATR) obtained from different Brazilian crude oils. The asphaltenes were extracted of each sample and their influence on coke formation was studied. It was observed that they have a great contribution on carbonaceous residues formation during pyrolysis and that the heavier the ATR sample, the higher is the contribution of other heavy components present in ATR samples.     

Oscillatory character of deactivation of zeolite catalysts in carbonium ion conversions of hydrocarbons

We have observed damped oscillations of increasing frequency in alkylation of benzene by 1-decene, which we interpret based on surface competition between the benzene and the coke being formed according to a mechanism of alternating inversions of the adsorption layer. We propose a scheme for the inversions in terms of chemical potentials of the adsorbed components. The change in the character of the oscillations is connected with a qualitative change in the coke over time.__________Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimentalnaya Khimiya, Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 40–44, January–February, 2005.     

热重-质谱联用研究焦炭在甲烷气氛下的热行为

利用热重-质谱联用技术对焦炭在甲烷气氛下的热行为及气体逸出情况进行了初步研究。考察了温度、停留时间、甲烷体积分数及流量、焦炭品质等因素对焦炭增重的影响,同时对焦炭在甲烷气氛下及惰性气氛下加热时的气体逸出情况进行了分析。结果表明,在实验进行的时间范围内焦炭的增重随着温度的升高、停留时间的增长、甲烷体积分数的提高而增加;实验采用的两种气体流量对焦炭增重影响不大;焦炭品质越差,增重程度越明显。质谱分析的结果表明,焦炭在惰性气氛下加热时的失重主要是由于CO2和H2O的逸出引起的;甲烷在焦炭存在下800 ℃以后开始分解析出H2,在恒温停留阶段H2的逸出速率变化不大,同时焦炭的质量增加,说明甲烷分解成碳和氢气。焦炭对甲烷的分解存在一定的催化作用。     

异丁烷脱氢催化剂的研究

本文对异丁烷脱氢反应制异丁烯过程催化剂体系及其反应机理进行了述评,指出异丁烷脱氢依然是最有潜力的转化途径,但非贵金属高效催化剂的研制是其关键.详细总 结了不同载体和助剂对脱氢反应的影响,尤其是载体和助剂的酸碱性以及载体的孔结构.弱 酸中心有利于异丁烷脱氢反应的发生,较小的孔结构能提高反应的选择性.催化剂的抗积炭 性能研究表明: 载体表面的弱酸位和活性组分在表面的高分散度以及碱性助剂的加入,有 利于提高催化剂的抗积炭性能.对异丁烷的脱氢反应机理的研究进行了阐述.