Demulsification performance and the relative solubility number (RSN) of modified poly(maleic anhydride-alt-1-dodecene) on naturally asphaltenic crude oil emulsion

The performance of modified poly(maleic anhydride-alt-1-dodecene) with polyethylene glycol (PEG 1000) and polypropylene glycol (PPG 1000) as emulsion breakers was investigated. The de-emulsifiers were characterized by their chemical structures, relative solubility numbers (RSN), EO content, PO content, and partition coefficient (K_p). All the prepared copolymers were characterized by FTIR and ¹H NMR spectroscopic techniques and their molecular weights were determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The surface and interfacial properties for the prepared polymeric surfactants were studied. The results obtained showed that the molecular structure of the prepared de-emulsifiers have direct effect on de-emulsification process. De-emulsifiers with more EO?PO content had higher de-emulsification efficiency.     

降解焦化废水的微生物菌种的分离筛选鉴定

焦化废水是一种典型的含有难降解有机污染物的工业废水.本论文以南昌钢铁有限责任公司焦化厂的焦化废水为源水,对其进行微生物的培养、分离,以源水中CODcr降解率为指标筛选得到2个高效菌种,分别编号为W1、W3.对CODcr为290mg/l的源水进行48h降解,经测试W1的降解率为36.2%、W3的降解率为56.9%.并根据菌种的个体形态、菌落特征初步鉴定W1为链霉菌属,W3为酵母属.     

中子测水法在煤炭行业中应用的讨论

介绍中子测水法的原理、应用现状及其优、缺点,讨论了该法在煤炭行业应用的可行性,经分析认为,中子测水法不适合在煤炭行业应用。     

色谱法同时测定石油甲苯馏程和纯度

This paper describes the conditions of GC analysis of petroleum toluene and the method of data process-ing.This method can simultaneously determine boiling range and purity of petroleum toluene,and its opera-tion is simple practical and suitable for computer operation. The data obtained proved that this method completely satisfies the required precision of National Stan-dard Methods.     

The determination of aldehydes in the exhaust gases of LPG fuelled engines

Summary The exhaust gas of a LPG fuelled engine is drawn through two bubblers in series in an ice bath, and filled with saturated 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine in 2M HCl. After heating the derivatives are extracted with toluene-cyclohexane and 1l samples injected on-column on a OV1 capillary column. Using an FID the lower limit of detection is 15–18 pg for formaldehyde (about 8–10 ppbv for a 16l exhaust sample). Taking the blank into account, the limit is about 40 ppbv.The exhaust gases of a LPG-fuelled engine contain formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, acrolein and acetone. Carbonyl compounds of more than 3 C-atoms were not found in detectable amounts. The engine was rund under stoichiometric, lean and rich air/fuel conditions. Under rich conditions the concentrations of the aldehydes were: formaldehyde 2.8 ppm, acetaldehyde 1.3 ppm, propionaldehyde 0.06 ppm, acrolein 0.03 ppm, acetone 0.17 ppm; under stoichiometric conditions: 4.5, 1.6, 0.10, 0.03 and 0.18 ppm respectively; under lean conditions 17.0, 2.9, 0.13, 0.07 and 0.27 ppm respectively. These figures demonstrate the necessity of measuring aldehydes in exhaust gases of LPG-fuelled engines.     

Investigation of oxidation of microcrystalline petroleum wax

The processes of oxidation of microcrystalline petroleum (residual) wax were investigated. DSC was applied to estimate the thermal conditions and the influence of selected catalysts on the process. Laboratory tests of oxidation fully confirmed the results of the DSC investigations.     

石油馏分恒压比热容与焓的研究

用差示扫描量热计（ＤＳＣ）测定５个国产原油馏分在系列温度下的恒压比热容，给出比热容与温度的关联式。经标准物质α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３和正庚烷的恒压比热容测定表明，与文献数据的平均偏差在±２％以内。由恒压比热容计算馏分相应温度下的焓，与落入式铜量热计直接量热所得的结果比较，符合良好。还考察８个恒压比热容计算方法的这些馏分的适用性。     

热重法测定石油磺酸钙的有效组分含量

建立了用热重法测定石油磺酸钙中有效组分含量的方法,该方法和SH／T0034—90《添加剂中有效组分测定法》（橡胶薄膜渗透法）结果基本一致,相关系数达到0．9787．精密度试验表明,本方法具有较好的重复性．     

基于高分辨质谱的石油组学分析技术的研究进展

随着原油重质化、劣质化程度的加深以及环境保护对燃油清洁性要求的日趋严格,对石油组成进行分子水平详细表征具有重大的现实意义和经济价值。依赖于高分辨质谱技术平台的石油组学分析技术成为实现这一目标的有力工具。本文以高分辨质谱技术平台为切入点,对石油组学定性定量分析技术的最新进展进行回顾和总结,并对其发展前景进行展望。