Ethanol conversion and coke formation on TiO2 supported molybdovanadophosphoric acids

The catalytic conversion of ethanol on H_3+xPMo_12–xV_xO₄₀/TiO₂ catalysts (x=0,1,2) yielding both the products of alcohol dehydration (ethylene, diethyl ether) and dehydrogenation (acetaldehyde) but also ethane as secondary product is accompanied by the formation of coke. The amount and composition of coke was estimated on the basis of mass balance. The fact that the hydrogen/carbon atom ratio was low (0.6) supports the conclusion that coke is involved in the hydrogenation of primary ethylene.     

荧光分光光度法测定海藻中的石油烃

用索氏提取法，ＮａＯＨ－消解法和超声振荡萃取法提取海藻样品中的石油烃成分，荧光分光光度计测定石油烃含量，结果表明，ＮａＯＨ－消解能够更有效从样品中提取石油烃，其检测限为０．０７５ｍｇ／ｋｇ。     

干气制乙苯结炭沸石催化剂烧炭再生研究

以苯和炼厂干气中的乙烯合成乙苯结炭催化剂为研究对象，对结炭催化剂上积炭的性质及不同温度下的烧炭情况进行了研究，考察了再生前后催化剂的酸性、活性、晶相、比表面及孔结构等性能的变化。结果表明，催化剂孔的内表面积炭占据了酸性中心，致使催化剂活性降低；在烧炭时温度大于300 ℃才开始烧炭，最佳烧炭温度应控制在500℃～550℃，600 ℃可将炭完全烧净。程序升温脱附（TPD）实验表明，550 ℃实验室烧炭后催化剂酸种类及其比例可完全恢复，酸量可恢复到95%。晶相、孔结构基本未变，催化剂的活性得到良好恢复。     

Fossil fuel applications of SFC and SFE: A review

The use of supercritical fluid technology for sample preparation and analysis in the petroleum industry will be described using various examples including: separation of petroleum fuels into hydrocarbon classes, determination of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon in soils and petroleum fuels, characterization of fuel-contaminated soil, assessment of fuel boiling point distribution, determination of polymer additives, and characterization of shale rock and drilling mud.     

Temperature-programmed oxidation of equilibrium fluid catalytic cracking catalysts

Characterization of coke on equilibrium, fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalysts contaminated with metals was investigated using temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO). TPO spectra of spent equilibrium catalysts from cracking of sour imported heavy gas oil (SIHGO) were deconvoluted into four peaks (Peak K, L, M and N). The four peaks were assigned to different types of coke on the catalyst. Peak L in the TPO spectrum was assigned to the 'contaminant' coke in the vicinity of metals. The amount of contaminant coke (Peak L) correlates with metal-contaminant concentration. The size of Peak L which is related to amount of contaminant coke decreased significantly for the spent highly contaminated catalyst pretreated with hydrogen and methane prior to cracking reactions as compared to the non-pretreated catalysts. Since both hydrogen and methane pretreatment can reduce oxidation state of the vanadium that present at high concentrations on the equilibrium catalysts the decrease in the amount of contaminant-coke represented by Peak L was explained by the reduction of the oxidation state of vanadium. Less contaminant coke was produced after the equilibrium catalysts were pretreated using hydrogen and methane gases since reduced vanadium has lower dehydrogenation activity compared to oxidized vanadium. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

介孔量对梯级孔丝光沸石催化二甲醚羰基化反应性能的影响

本研究通过调整聚乙二醇（PEG 1450）的添加量制备了介孔量不同的梯级孔丝光沸石，并分别对其结构和二甲醚羰基化反应性能进行了表征和评价。结果表明，通过提高PEG1450加入量的方式可以提高丝光沸石的介孔量，但PEG 1450的添加量过高时不利于介孔的形成。当引入的介孔量适宜时丝光沸石能够保持原有的结构，强酸中心数量增多、弱酸和中强酸数量降低，二甲醚的传质效率和二甲醚羰化反应催化性能明显提高。受传质过程和酸分布的影响，梯级孔丝光沸石催化剂上二甲醚羰化反应活性明显改善，二甲醚转化率升高、单程寿命延长，重积炭的形成明显受到抑制。PEG1450的最优添加量为丝光沸石合成时凝胶质量的2%。     

宝钢焦炭质量预测模型Ⅰ.影响焦炭热性质的因素

根据19种单种煤和64个配煤方案在模拟焦炉（SCO炉）上的试验，研究了原料煤性质对焦炭热性质的影响。结果：表明，煤中的无机组分对焦炭的热性质影响也较大，矿物质催化指数MCI与焦炭的热性质存在较好的线性关系。配合煤的煤质指标中Vd,Ad,Std具有较好的加和性，G,IgMF在一定范围内具有加和性，Y值，奥亚膨胀度（全膨胀a b)，的实测值高于其加和值，此外成型煤的配入对焦炭的热性质改善效果明显。     

压力对USY催化甲苯裂解结焦及其前驱体的影响

研究了压力对USY催化剂催化甲苯裂解结焦及其前驱体的影响。采用热重、红外、13C固体核磁、元素分析、色质联用、程序升温氧化法等手段对催化剂上的焦炭和液相产物中的焦炭前驱体进行了考察。结果表明，沉积在催化剂上的焦炭主要为缩合度较高的多环芳烃，随着压力的升高，总的结焦量减少，液相产物中多环芳烃的环数和质量分数呈增加趋势，证明了超临界流体对焦炭前驱体有萃取效果。并探讨了超临界条件下甲苯催化裂解结焦的机理。     

塔里木原油馏分油临界性质常用计算公式考察

石油馏分的临界性质是重要的热力学性质,常用来确定石油馏分的相状态,并关联和计算其它热力学性质,是石油加工工艺计算所必需的基础数据。早在20世纪20年代,国外已经开始测定和研究石油馏分的临界性质。1936年Roess[1]测定了八种基属原料油100多个石油馏分的临界温度和临界压力,并提出相应的计算式。30年代以来,又陆续发表了一些求定石油馏分临界温度和压力的经验图表及计算式[2～4],其中有些计算方法仍然依据Roess的实测数据。长期以来,在我国的石油炼制及化工设计计算中,主要采用API炼油技术数据手册[2]推荐的图表和经验关联式来求…     

煤中混入氧化锌高温焦炉煤气脱硫行为的研究

在热力学模拟结果的基础上，利用在练变煤中添加氧化锌进行焦炉煤气均相脱硫的行为的研究。实验结果表明：在炼焦前期，煤中添加氧化锌可以有效抑制煤中硫的释放，实验所用煤样中的最佳的氧化锌添加量是理论计算所需量的1．4倍.顺炼焦后期，由于焦炉煤气中氢气的作用，半焦中硫化锌和氧化锌开始分解，气态锌和H2S随焦炉煤气的温度降低又生成硫化锌，从而实现了焦炉煤气的脱硫，而且对焦炭质量的影响很小，氧化锌的添加量的增加有利于焦炉煤气进一步的脱硫。