Determination of Vanadium by Solid-Phase Spectrophotometry in a Continuous Flow System

Abstract

A flow analysis method based on direct absorptiometric measurement in solid phase of the violet complex formed between V(V) and 5-Bromosalicylhydroxamic acid has been developed. The measurement is continuously performed at 555 nm, while the coloured species is being concentrated on-line on the beads of an anion exchanger packed into a flow-through cell. The sensing solid phase is regenerated after each measurement achieving a sampling frequency ranged between 10 to 15 h^?1 depending on the working conditions. The sensitivity of the method depended on the sample volume injected, being the detection limit 0.024 and 0.014 μg mL^?1 for 2 and 5 mL, respectively. The method shows a good selectivity and has been applied to determination of V(V) in many different sample matrices namely mussel, oyster and toadstool tissues, petroleum crudes and water samples.     

Quasioptical multilayered interferometer for gasoline testing

Results of an experimental study and a calculation of the quasi-optical multilayered structure formed by an adjustable dielectric interferometer and a liquid investigated filling its gabs are presented. It is shown that this structure may be used for quality tests of liquid petroleum products, for measurement and investigation of physical parameters of liquid media in the millimeter wavelengths region. This structure is realized practically in the form of uncomplicated adjustable quazi-optical quvette filled with liquid and connected with beam-guiding elements. Comparison of experimental data with theoretical calculations gives us the opportunity to choose a value region of the values for the physical parameters interesting for us for each material under investigation.     

RESEARCH OF REGULARITY OF THROWING MOVEMENT FOR SOLID PARTICLE ON THE SHAKER''''S SCREEN

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微量量热法研究温度对两种石油菌生长的影响

本文采用微量量热法测定了两种石油菌在不同温度下的生长热谱图. 按限制性条件下微生物生长模型 ,用三点法进行了数学处理, 得出了生长速率常数(k) ; 计算机拟合 k-T 非线性方程,得到了石油菌 I,II的最佳生长温度( To pt)分别为 322. 07K 和 322. 85K. 按阿仑尼乌斯公式和过渡态理论计算得到有关热动力学函数, 并根据所得结果对两种石油菌的生长代谢过程进行了热动力学分析.     

Determination of Sulfur in Petroleum Coke Combining Closed Vessel Microwave-Induced Combustion and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry

Abstract

A new procedure based on closed vessel Microwave-Induced Combustion (MIC) technique is proposed for the decomposition of petroleum coke and further determination of sulfur by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). The procedure is based on sample ignition by microwave radiation using closed quartz vessels pressurized with oxygen and use of NH₄NO₃ as an ignition aid. The nature and concentration of absorbing/refluxing solution were studied, as well as the operational parameters related to MIC technique. Results were compared with those obtained by conventional wet digestion in closed vessels, certified reference materials (agreement was better than 98%), and also using ion chromatography for S determination.     

DHAC改性膨润土对炼油碱渣废液的吸附机理探讨

以有机插层剂双十八烷基二甲基氯化铵(DHAC),对新疆夏子街膨润土进行插层改性,制备DHAC改性膨润土。红外光谱(FTIR)分析表明,双烷基阳离子插层进入蒙脱石片层。X射线衍射(XRD)表明,DHAC改性膨润土片层间距为3．772 nm,为改性前的2．07倍,表明改性后蒙脱土片层间距增大。SEM分析观察, DHAC捕层改性后膨润土颗粒更加疏松,蒙脱石颗粒表面有明显的刻蚀痕迹。通过研究改性膨润土的吸附机理分析表明,DHAC改性膨润土在不同温度下的等温吸附模型符合Freundlich模型,且相关性较高。挥发酚在改性膨润土上的吸附焓值为-2．64 kJ／mol,属于物理吸附,且△Gθ<0,说明该吸附为自发的放热过程。室温下DHAC改性膨润土吸附挥发酚的动力学模型遵循Bingham和Langmuir速率方程。     

具有弱夹层的封闭油藏中的瞬态渗流

多层油藏分为层间无窜流的油藏和层间有窜流的油藏。本文研究了层间有弱渗透夹层的两层油藏中两种情形的瞬态渗流,包括单层打开的瞬态渗流和一层注入、一层采出的两层油藏的瞬态渗流。用面积平均方法求出了弱渗透夹层封闭油藏中瞬态渗流的平均压降。分析表明:在渗流前期,层间窜流量逐渐增大,在后期层间窜流量趋于稳定;在单层开采的情况下:初期两层压降不同,非打开层的压降有滞后现象,并且隔层渗透率越小,油井工作强度越弱,滞后时间越长;后期两层压降趋于一致,可以作为一层油藏处理。在一注一采的油藏中,当注采量相同时,两层压降在后期趋于不同的稳定值;当注采量不同时,两层压降在后期趋于一致,但不能达到稳定。     

Probability theory versus simulation of petroleum potential in play analysis

An analytic probabilistic methodology for resource appraisal of undiscovered oil and gas resources in play analysis is presented. This play-analysis methodology is a geostochastic system for petroleum resource appraisal in explored as well as frontier areas. An objective was to replace an existing Monte Carlo simulation method in order to increase the efficiency of the appraisal process. Underlying the two methods is a single geologic model which considers both the uncertainty of the presence of the assessed hydrocarbon and its amount if present. The results of the model are resource estimates of crude oil, nonassociated gas, dissolved gas, and gas for a geologic play in terms of probability distributions. The analytic method is based upon conditional probability theory and a closed form solution of all means and standard deviations, along with the probabilities of occurrence.     

Comparison of the GMRES and ORTHOMIN for the black oil model in porous media

This paper deals with the application of the GMRES algorithm to a three‐dimensional, three‐phase black oil model used in petroleum reservoir simulation. Comparisons between the GMRES and ORTHOMIN algorithms in terms of storage and total flops per restart step are given. Numerical results show that the GMRES is faster than the ORTHOMIN for large‐scale simulation problems. The GMRES uses only as much as 63% of the CPU time of the ORTHOMIN for some of the problems tested. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.