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111.
Junpeng Zhao Guangzhao Zhang Stergios Pispas 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2010,48(11):2320-2328
Thermoresponsive brush copolymers with poly(propylene oxide‐ran‐ethylene oxide) side chains were synthesized via a “grafting from” technique. Poly(p‐hydroxystyrene) was used as the backbone, and the brush copolymers were prepared by random copolymerization of mixtures of oxyalkylene monomers, using metal‐free anionic ring‐opening polymerization, with the phosphazene base (t‐BuP4) being the polymerization promoter. By controlling the monomer feed ratios in the graft copolymerization, two samples with the same side‐chain length and different compositions were prepared, both of which possessed high molecular weights and low molecular weight distributions. The results from light scattering and fluorescence spectroscopy indicated that the brush copolymers in their dilute aqueous solutions were near completely solvated at low temperature and underwent slight intramolecular chain contraction/association and much more profound intermolecular aggregation at different stages of the step‐by‐step heating process. Above 50 °C, very turbid solutions, followed by macrophase separation, were observed for both of the samples, which implied that it was difficult for the brush copolymers to form stable nanoscopic aggregates at high temperature. All these observations were attributed, at least partly, to the distribution of the oxyalkylene monomers along the side chains and the overall brush‐like molecular architecture. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 2320–2328, 2010 相似文献
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113.
Markov chains have been frequently used to characterize uncertainty in many real-world problems. Quite often, these Markov chains can be decomposed into a vector consisting of fast and slow components; these components are coupled through weak and strong interactions. The main goal of this work is to study the structural properties of such Markov chains. Under mild conditions, it is proved that the underlying Markov chain can be approximated in the weak topology of L2 by an aggregated process. Moreover, the aggregated process is shown to converge in distribution to a Markov chain as the rate of fast transitions tends to infinity. Under an additional Lipschitz condition, error bounds of the approximation sequences are obtained. 相似文献
114.
With the increasing emphasis on supply chain vulnerabilities, effective mathematical tools for analyzing and understanding appropriate supply chain risk management are now attracting much attention. This paper presents a stochastic model of the multi-stage global supply chain network problem, incorporating a set of related risks, namely, supply, demand, exchange, and disruption. We provide a new solution methodology using the Moreau–Yosida regularization, and design an algorithm for treating the multi-stage global supply chain network problem with profit maximization and risk minimization objectives. 相似文献
115.
José Luis Palacios Nancy Lopes Garcia 《Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications》2003,286(1):230-236
Using the electric approach, we derive exact and asymptotic closed form formulas for hitting times in symmetric cases of the Moran's genetics model. 相似文献
116.
β-环糊精与环氧氯丙烷共聚物的13C-NMR研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
13C NMR测定了一个系列的环氧氧丙烷与β-环糊精的共聚物,进行了谱峰归属和DEPT谱验证,实验测得2,3-丙二醇基在β-环糊精C(2)-O-位、C(3)-O-位和C(6)-O-位取代的13C NMR化学位移α-取代效应参数,描述了该共聚物分子链的组成和链化学结构特征. 相似文献
117.
We consider several applications of two state, finite action, infinite horizon, discrete-time Markov decision processes with partial observations, for two special cases of observation quality, and show that in each of these cases the optimal cost function is piecewise linear. This in turn allows us to obtain either explicit formulas or simplified algorithms to compute the optimal cost function and the associated optimal control policy. Several examples are presented.Research supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Grant AFOSR-86-0029, in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant ECS-8617860, in part by the Advanced Technology Program of the State of Texas, and in part by the DoD Joint Services Electronics Program through the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFSC) Contract F49620-86-C-0045. 相似文献
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119.
Ordering in one-dimensional atomic chains is studied using computer simulation. We find that dense ordered chains may exist
if the system is cold enough and not macroscopically long. Growth of finite length chains from the vapor and by vapor exchange
between chains begins rapidly, then slows down exponentially in time. As temperature rises density fluctuations increase,
causing the chains to fragment. Independent of fragmentation, disordering begins at the ends, a condition similar to the precursor
of edge and surface melting in two and three dimensions. The chemical potential of finite ordered chains is a function of
length and temperature, due to the competition between attraction and internal thermal excitation. Equilibrium of chains coexisting
with one-dimensional vapor produces a distribution of sizes, peaked at a temperature dependent chain length. Several results
may be relevant to experimental studies of adsorption on carbon nanotubes 相似文献
120.
Dr. Catherine Adam Dr. Lixu Yang Dr. Scott L. Cockroft 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2015,54(4):1164-1167
Fluorocarbons often have distinct miscibility properties compared to their nonfluorinated analogues. These differences may be attributed to van der Waals dispersion forces or solvophobic effects, but their contributions are notoriously difficult to separate in molecular recognition processes. Here, molecular torsion balances were used to compare cohesive alkyl and perfluoroalkyl interactions in a range of solvents. A simple linear regression enabled the energetic partitioning of solvophobic and van der Waals forces in the self‐association of apolar chains. The contributions of dispersion interactions in apolar cohesion were found to be strongly attenuated in solution compared to the gas phase, but still play a major role in fluorous and organic solvents. In contrast, solvophobic effects were found to be dominant in driving the association of apolar chains in aqueous solution. The results are expected to assist the computational modelling of van der Waals forces in solution. 相似文献