Numerical methods for light propagation in large LC cells: a new approach

Accurate numerical methods for the propagation of light in large 3D samples with strong lateral variation of the director field require prohibitive amounts of time. We consider and compare a standard spectral method and the Finite Difference in Frequency Domain method, showing that the CPU time can be reduced by one or two orders of magnitude using a perturbation approach or a recently developed Reduced Order Method. The equations obtained are applied to liquid crystal cells with in-plane switching, illuminated by a large incoherent source. The developed formalism, based on numerically exact equations, is particularly suitable for treating magnetic or optically active media and for extending to such media the well known approximations based on the 4 × 4 (Berreman) or 2 × 2 (Jones) matrices.     

水面舰艇编队的最佳防空队形探讨

最佳防御队形以编队对来袭导弹的可探测面积尽可能大为前提,并以"抗饱和攻击能力"为衡量标准.各方向的可拦截批次受两方面因素限制:一是来袭导弹被发现时其与指挥舰的距离,一般距离越大,防御准备就越充分,可拦截批次就越大;二是护卫舰到来袭导弹轨迹的距离,一般距离越小,单次拦截时间就越短,可拦截批次就越大.定义以概率1可拦截批次最小的方向为最危险方向,经计算初始队形各方向可拦截的批次不等,通过"削峰补谷"的方式予以均衡和优化.若以拦截批次的期望为标准,最危险方向与以概率1可拦截的批次为标准的结果相同.如果得到空中预警机的信息支援,在最危险方向上编队就可更早地对距离指挥舰148.4km远的导弹发起拦截,增大编队的抗饱和攻击能力,但由于防空导弹射程限制,预警机提供的信,息支援无法得到充分利用,此时限制编队抗饱和攻击能力的主要矛盾转向防空导弹的射程.     

Directional Self‐Assembly of Fluorinated Star Block Polymer Thin Films Using Mixed Solvent Vapor Annealing

We demonstrate the directional alignment of perpendicular‐lamellae domains in fluorinated three‐armed star block polymer (BP) thin films using solvent vapor annealing with shear stress. The control of orientation and alignment was accomplished without any substrate surface modification. Additionally, three‐armed star poly(methyl methacrylate‐block‐styrene) [PMMA‐PS] and poly(octafluoropentyl methacrylate‐block‐styrene) were compared to their linear analogues to examine the impact of fluorine content and star architecture on self‐assembled BP feature sizes and interdomain density profiles. X‐ray reflectometry results indicated that the star BP molecular architecture increased the effective polymer segregation strength and could possibly facilitate reduced polymer domain spacings, which are useful in next‐generation nanolithographic applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019 , 57, 1663–1672     

Orientation and conformation of two [6]carbohelicenes in stretched polystyrene and a thermoresponsive polyaspartate

Two functionalized [6]carbohelicenes, one of which was also available in its two enantiomeric pure forms, were oriented in stretched polystyrene in CDCl₃, and in a recently introduced chiral thermoresponsive lyotropic polyaspartate (poly(benzyl)_0.5(phenethyl)_0.5-L-aspartate) in C₂D₂Cl₄. From the resulting ¹H,¹³C residual dipolar couplings, the helical pitch of a methylated [6]carbohelicene was determined and found to be in agreement with theoretical predictions and existing crystal structures (d(C2,C2′) ≈ 4.3 Å). For a second [6]carbohelicene with para-methoxyphenyl substituents, a clear conformational preference of the substituents was observed. The orientational properties of the two helicene enantiomers in the chiral polyaspartate are very similar, but both drastically change around 306 K. We suggest this behavior is due to an unusual phase transition in the liquid crystal.     

Band alignment regulation of HfO2/SiC heterojunctions induced by PEALD with in situ NH3-plasma passivation

The efficient passivation of in situ NH₃-plasma pre-treatment and its regulation of the band alignment between HfO₂ and 4H-SiC have been investigated by XPS. With in situ NH₃-plasma passivation by PEALD, a VBO of 0.72 eV and a CBO of 1.54 eV can be obtained across the HfO₂/4H-SiC interface. The Si-O bonds components reduction in the passivated interface layers will lead to band bending or band shift at the interface and regulate the band alignments between HfO₂ and 4H-SiC. The physical mechanism investigation of band alignments can be a cornerstone for the application of HfO₂/4H-SiC heterojunctions in the high-power devices.     

二维胶体玻璃中玻色峰与结构无序度的关联

本文从实验上研究了胶体玻璃在相同面密度下随着体系结构无序程度的增加, 振动态密度和玻色峰的变化规律. 通过调制两种不同粒径的温敏性水凝胶的数量比来改变体系的无序程度. 通过分析无序体系的声子模式得到体系的振动特性. 研究发现, 随着无序度的增加, 态密度在低频区域增强、玻色峰增高、玻色峰的峰值向低频区域移动. 不同无序程度的样品引起玻色峰的低频声子模式都表现出准局域的特点, 且低频准局域声子模式与样品中无序结构存在关联.     

Kinetics Study of the Thermal Decomposition of Post-consumer Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) in an Argon Atmosphere

The thermal decomposition of post-consumer samples of a carbonated water bottle made of poly(ethylene terephthalate), PC-PET, was examined by linear temperature programing under an argon atmosphere to determine its mass loss kinetics. A simple kinetic model, called the first order pseudo single-component model, was used. The total weight-loss of each sample assumed to be in two periods, with each period corresponding to a one step decomposition of the PC-PET to volatiles. Three methods for determining the kinetic parameters by thermal gravimetric analysis were examined: differential analysis at a constant heating rate (differential), temperatures of a given conversion at a number of heating rates (isoconversional), and the maximum rate at multiple heating rates (peak temperature). The latter two multiple heating rates methods results were comparable to each other but they were not in agreement with the results from the differential method. The results of the differential method were insensitive to the heating rate and consistent with kinetics data reported in the literature for PET.     

On The Cut-off Parameters in the Bosonization Technique

Jordan's boson representation and cut-off repolarization for the one-dimensional two-fermion model (TFT) is used to get the equivalence of the model with the two-dimensional Coulomb gas and sine-Gordon model. The scaling equations for the coupling constants are thereby obtained up to the third order.     

Liquid crystalline properties of 4‐hexyloxybenzylidene‐4′‐alkyloxyanilines

The liquid‐crystalline polymorphism of the homologous series of 4‐hexyloxybenzylidene‐4′‐alkyloxyanilines is investigated. Basing on the polarization microscopy (POM, TOA), the DSC calorimetry and miscibility studies the following mesophases were detected: nematic, smectic A, smectic C and smectic I. The phase diagrams of the compounds of these series with 4‐hexyloxybenylidene‐4′‐pentylaniline (as the standard of mesophases) show induction of the smectic F mesophases. Their dependence on the alkyl chain length and mole fraction is shown.