Determination of various inorganic anions and organic acids in the atmospheric particulate matter using capillary zone electrophoresis with indirect UV detection

Capillary zone electrophoresis with indirect UV detection was developed for the simultaneous analysis of inorganic anions and organic acids using a mixed solution of 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid and cetyltrimethylammonium hydroxide as the background electrolyte (BGE). The parameters which influence the separation, such as indirect UV detection wavelength, BGE conditions, applied voltage and extraction conditions were investigated. Thirteen inorganic anions and organic acids were detected within 20 min. The calibration curves of each analyte were linear with correlation coefficients greater than 0.991. The relative standard deviations (n = 10) of the peak areas ranged from 0.6% to 3.3%. The detection limits for these species ranged from 0.4 to 1.4 mg/L at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. The recovery rate of each analyte was more than 80% under optimised extraction conditions, except for nitrite. The proposed method was applied towards the analysis of inorganic anions and organic acids in the atmospheric particulate matter using an Andersen sampler. The particle size of the particulate matter was determined, but not the size of the anions.     

低浓度含铅细颗粒物暴露大鼠体内生物转运研究

食品接触性塑料制品、可再生资源、汽车尾气中含有低浓度铅.铅等重金属体内蓄积严重影响机体健康,但机体长期暴露于铅环境的代谢依然未知.以低剂量含铅细颗粒物暴露为场景,探讨其在大鼠体内的生物转运及体内分布.通过比较每日吸入染毒(7.05±0.83)μg/m3及经口染毒0.42μg/d,连续染毒28 d.结果显示含铅细颗粒物入...     

Identification of mononitropyrenes and mononitrofluoranthenes in air particulate matter via fused silica gas,chromatography combined with negative ion atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry

This paper describes the use of high resolution capillary gas chromatography combined with negative ion atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry (NIAPIMS) for the analysis of an air particulate extract for mononitropyrenes and mononitrofluoranthenes, some of which are powerful bacterial mutagens. The results are compared to those obtained by the electron impact mass spectrometric analysis of the same sample In addition, the NIAPIMS method confirmed the identification of 4-nitropyrene in the ambient air sample.     

利用代谢组学研究大气细颗粒物的生殖毒性效应

大气细颗粒物(PM2.5)污染已成为严峻的环境问题,探究PM2.5的毒性效应和机理变得尤为重要.本研究利用基于液相色谱/质谱的代谢组学技术,分析经PM2.5悬混液气管滴注暴露后成年雄性大鼠睾丸代谢组的全局变化,采用偏最小二乘判别分析法和非参数检验进行统计分析.结果表明,PM2.5暴露组大鼠睾丸的油提和水提代谢指纹谱均可与对照组实现准确区分,表明PM2.5暴露对大鼠睾丸的整体代谢网络产生了显著影响,最终鉴定出56个差异代谢物.通路分析显示,PM2.5暴露会引起大鼠睾丸的氨基酸和核苷酸代谢紊乱、类固醇激素代谢失衡以及脂类代谢异常,而这些重要通路可能是PM2.5生殖毒性的关键分子事件.     

Influence of the Physical Nonlinearity of the Matrix on the Deformation of a Particulate Composite with Microdamageable Inclusions

The structural theory of short-term damage is generalized to particulate composites with nonlinearly elastic matrix and microdamageable inclusions. The basis for this generalization is the stochastic elasticity equations for a particulate composite with porous inclusions. Microvolumes of the material meet the Huber-Mises failure criterion. The damaged-microvolume balance equation and the equations relating macrostresses and macrostrains of a particulate composite with porous inclusions and physically nonlinear matrix constitute a closed-form system. This system describes the coupled processes of physically nonlinear deformation and microdamage. Algorithms for computing the microdamage-macrostrain relationships and deformation curves are proposed. Uniaxial tension curves are plotted for a particulate composite with linearly hardening matrix__________Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 41, No. 4, pp. 3–11, April 2005.     

Comparison of hot Soxhlet and accelerated solvent extractions with microwave and supercritical fluid extractions for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nitrated derivatives strongly adsorbed on soot collected inside a diesel particulate filter

Several methods of extraction were optimized to extract polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), their nitrated derivatives and heavy n-alkanes from a highly adsorptive particulate matter resulting from the combustion of diesel fuel in a diesel engine. This particular carbonaceous particulate matter, collected at high temperatures in cordierite diesel particulate filters (DPF), which are optimized for removing diesel particles from diesel engine exhaust emissions, appeared extremely refractory to extractions using the classical extracting conditions for these pollutants. In particular, the method of accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) is described in detail here. Optimization was performed through experimental design to understand the impact of each factor studied and the factors’ possible interactions on the recovery yields. The conventional extraction technique, i.e., Soxhlet extraction, was also carried out, but the lack of quantitative extractions led us to use a more effective approach: hot Soxhlet. It appeared that the extraction of the heaviest PAHs and nitroPAHs by either the optimized ASE or hot Soxhlet processes was far from complete. To enhance recovery yields, we tested original solvent mixtures of aromatic and heteroaromatic solvents. Thereafter, these two extraction techniques were compared to microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). In every case, the only solvent mixture that permitted quantitative extraction of the heaviest PAHs from the diesel soot was composed of pyridine and diethylamine, which has a strong electron-donor character. Conversely, the extraction of the nitrated PAHs was significantly improved by the use of an electron-acceptor solvent or by introducing a small amount of acetic acid into the pyridine. It was demonstrated that, for many desirable features, no single extraction technique stound out as the best: ASE, MAE or SFE could all challenge hot Soxhlet for favourable extractions. Consequently, the four optimized extraction techniques were performed to extract the naturally polluted diesel soot collected inside the DPF. Comparisons with the NIST standard reference material SRM 1650b showed that the soot collected from the DPF contained 50% fewer n-alkanes, and also markedly lower levels of PAHs (44 less concentrated) than SRM 1650b, and that the ratio of nitroPAHs to PAHs was increased. These results were attributed to the high temperatures reached inside the particulate filter during sampling runs and to the contribution of the catalytic DPF to aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons abatement.     

On a Representative Volume in the Micromechanics of Particulate Composites

A rectangle filled with closely packed spheres of random size and properties is considered as a micromechanical model of a two-phase particulate composite. A numerical simulation is used to determine the effective mechanical properties of the assembly and their scatter as a function of the number of spheres. It is shown that, in a system with relatively small number of particles (up to 300), the scatter of Young's modulus decreases with the system size. However, the rate of the scatter decrease becomes smaller with growing size of the system, so that the convergence to zero most likely takes place at infinity.     

硫酸镁的气溶胶微粒的共焦显微拉曼光谱研究(英文)

应用共焦显微拉曼光谱技术研究了硫酸镁气溶胶微粒。在基片的不同位置得到了不同形态的微粒,并对其相应的结构变化进行了详细探讨     

金属基陶瓷复合材料的激光热冲击破坏效应

 研究了激光热冲击条件下静态受拉Sic颗粒增强6061铝合金材料的热断裂行为。热冲击用的激光束的脉宽分别为1.0ms和250μs, 激光束辐照在缺口的根部附近。对于热冲击下裂纹的产生及扩展进行细致的宏、微观观察,发现裂纹的产生和扩展的机制是不相同的。