pH electrodes based on iridium oxide films for marine monitoring

The pH is an important parameter that affects the growth and development of marine organisms, environmental changes, and industrial and agricultural production processes. Nowadays, important trends in pH detection and analysis are higher stability, adaptation to extreme environmental conditions, miniaturization, portability, and digital intelligence. Several studies have focused on the application of the iridium oxide film (IROF) pH electrodes in water quality monitoring and physiological analysis. The central aim of this work was to review the preparation techniques of the IROF pH electrodes and to expand their application in the field of marine monitoring. The studied methods include electrochemical deposition, electrochemical growth, sputtering deposition, heat treatment, and novel preparation methods. The IROF pH electrodes prepared via these methods are more sensitive, have a wider pH measurement ranges, and can be miniaturized further than traditional glass and pH photometer. Hence, in environmental analysis, combining IROF pH electrodes with wireless technology for the physiological and biochemical analysis of marine organisms, seawater, and sediment pore water is an important development tendency.     

pH计检定仪期间核查方法

介绍pH计检定仪的4种期间核查方法:传递比较法、多台对比法、留样测量法、实验室间比对法。传递比较法能直接反应pH计检定仪的变化,适用于已建立pH计检定仪检定装置的单位;多台对比法与留样测量法方便、快捷,可操作性强,适合大多数单位进行pH计检定仪的期间核查;实验室间比对法对设备要求较低,但需要协调的单位较多,周期较长,费用较高,实用性差。     

Wearable Multiparameter Platform Based on AlGaN/GaN High‐electron‐mobility Transistors for Real‐time Monitoring of pH and Potassium Ions in Sweat

Biosensors based on field‐effect transistor (FET) structures have attracted considerable attention because they offer rapid, inexpensive parallel sensing and ultrasensitive label‐free detection. However, long‐term repeatable detection cannot be performed, and Ag/AgCl reference electrode design is complicated, which has hindered FET biosensors from becoming truly wearable health‐monitoring platforms. In this paper, we propose a novel wearable detection platform based on AlGaN/GaN high‐electron‐mobility transistors (HEMTs). In this platform, a sweatband was used to continuously collect sweat, and a pH detecting unit and a potassium ion detecting unit were formed by modifying different sensitive films to realize the long‐term stable and repeatable detection of pH and potassium ions. Experimental data show that the wearable detection platform based on AlGaN/GaN HEMTs has good sensitivity (pH 3–7 sensitivity is 45.72 μA/pH; pH 7.4–9 sensitivity is 51.073 μA/pH; and K⁺ sensitivity is 4.94 μA/lgα_K⁺), stability (28 days) and repeatability (the relative standard deviation (RSD) of pH 3–7 sensitivity is 2.6 %, the RSD of pH 7.4–9 sensitivity is 2.1 %, and the RSD of K⁺ sensitivity is 7.3 %). Our newly proposed wearable platform has excellent potential for predictive analytics and personalized medical treatment.     

Chemo‐ and Magnetotaxis of Self‐Propelled Light‐Emitting Chemo‐electronic Swimmers

Miniaturized autonomous chemo‐electronic swimmers, based on the coupling of spontaneous oxidation and reduction reactions at the two poles of light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), are presented as chemotactic and magnetotactic devices. In homogeneous aqueous media, random motion caused by a bubble‐induced propulsion mechanism is observed. However, in an inhomogeneous environment, the self‐propelled devices exhibit positive chemotactic behavior, propelling themselves along a pH or ionic strength gradient (?pH and ?I, respectively) in order to reach a thermodynamically higher active state. In addition, the intrinsic permanent magnetic moment of the LED allows self‐orientation in the terrestrial magnetic field or following other external magnetic perturbations, which enables a directional motion control coupled with light emission. The interplay between chemotaxis and magnetotaxis allows fine‐tuning of the dynamic behavior of these swimmers.     

极低放射性废物填埋场土壤理化指标的测定

如何安全、经济、妥善地处理和处置核废物,成为核工业可持续发展所面临的重要问题之一[1~4]。目前,退役过程中产生的极低放废物的常用处置方法是就近选址进行填埋处置。那么填埋场场址地段的地球化学特征直接决定填埋场的安全性、可靠性[5]。以铀为例,在酸性条件下以UO22 形式存在,而pH值大于7时,会形成U2O52 ,UO2(OH)2,UO2(OH) 等水解聚合产物,使得铀既有吸附和交换作用,又有沉淀作用,会加速U的吸附[6,7]。同样,核素的化学形态同样也会受到氧化还原反应的影响。因此,查明极低放废物填埋场场址地段土壤理化性质,可为了解核素在土壤介…     

亚氯酸盐氧化硫脲非缓冲体系的复杂动力学行为

研究了ClO2--SC(NH2)2的非缓冲体系中的动力学行为,发现在开放体系中,体系的铂电极电位和pH呈现反相位连续的大幅度振荡,随着流速的降低,体系行为更加丰富,在高流速的混合模式之后出现了低流速的混合模式;在外部条件变化时,观察到了准周期振荡和倍周期振荡现象;考察了温度、流速、酸度以及反应物的初始浓度比等主要的影响因素,发现分叉参数的变化与体系的行为紧密相关。     

基于法布里-珀罗滤波片的宽光谱可调谐滤波器

分析了基于F-P滤波器原理的可调谐滤波器的原理,设计并实现了覆盖C L带的光谱连续可调的宽光谱可调谐滤波器,插入损耗小于2 dB,波长精度及温度稳定性均小于0.01 nm.     

双电极法现场快速检测地下水和湖水中碳酸氢根和碳酸根

地下水和湖水中碳酸氢根( HCO-3)和碳酸根( CO2-3)含量是地球化学碳行为和碳循环的重要表征,但两种离子的浓度易受环境影响而改变,因此,地下水和湖水中HCO-3和CO2-3真实含量的测定一直是个难题。实验利用CO2的水解平衡,通过pH电极和二氧化碳电极联用,建立了HCO-3和CO2-3现场快速测定的新方法,解决了地下水和湖水中HCO-3和CO2-3真实含量的测定难题。研究结果表明,在pH=4.8±0.1的底液中, HCO-3和CO2-3的线性范围分别为0.027~570 mg/L和1.25×10-8~39.7 mg/L。共存的金属离子、强酸阴离子(K+、Na+、Mg2+、Cl-、SO2-4,100 mg/L)、弱酸阴离子和弱酸(HSO-3、NO-2、HOAc,50 mg/L)对测定干扰小于5%。实际水样加标实验回收率在95.2%~99.2%之间,相对标准偏差为2.6%~3.7%。与酸碱滴定法进行对比,本方法的准确性良好。但方法受温度影响,因此标准溶液与样品应在同一温度下测量。总体而言,双电极法灵敏、快速、经济且电极携带方便、操作简单、对环境要求不高,十分适合现场和室内一般自然水体的快速检测。本方法已成功应用于青海省地下水和青海湖湖水中HCO-3和CO2-3的现场测定。实验表明,海东地区地下水样品pH在6.4~7.4之间,HCO-3含量为234~4096 mg/L,CO2-3含量为0.16~1.89 mg/L;青海湖湖水样品pH≈8.7,HCO-3含量范围在1.36~1.86 g/L,CO2-3含量在32.3~43.9 mg/L,与文献结果吻合。     

pH控制硫酸锰骨架的演化及其晶体结构

在DMF/H2O/CH3OH的混合体系中,反应温度为170℃,Mn SO4·4H2O盐溶液在p H=5和7的条件下,加热72小时,最终得到了结构不同的硫酸锰骨架[Mn2(SO4)3]·(H3O)2(1)和[Mn3(SO4)2(OH)2(H2O)2](2)。化合物结构通过单晶X-射线和红外光谱所表征,相应的晶胞参数:化合物1,立方晶系,空间群:P213,a=10.2009(12),V=1061.49(37)3,Goo F=1.158,Flack parameter 0.02(2),R1=0.0186(I2sigma);化合物2,四方晶系,空间群:Pbcm,a=7.3214(15),b=9.984(2),c=13.291(3),V=971.5(4)3,Goo F=1.063,R1=0.0227(I2sigma);单晶X射线分析显示化合物1是一个三维单手性硫酸锰骨架,化合物2是一个非手性羟基硫酸锰骨架。实验结果说明,p H值对硫酸锰骨架的改变起重要作用。     

羟乙基纤维素接枝N-异丙基丙烯酰胺的研究

利用硝酸铈铵引发了羟乙基纤维素与N-异丙基丙烯酰胺的接枝反应.通过红外光谱和1H-NMR谱证明了接枝反应是成功的讨论了单体浓度、引发剂浓度、反应温度对接枝共聚反应的影响。通过差示扫描量热仪和动态激光光散射仪。研究了接枝产物的溶液性质,证明了接枝产物具有温敏性。