酪氨酸光电离过程的激光闪光光谱研究:pH效应

运用２４８ｎｍ激光闪光光解瞬态吸收光谱研究了不同ｐＨ值水溶液中酪氨酸光解过程,结果表明,溶液ｐＨ值影响酪氨酸的光电离过程;ｐＨ值增大,通过单光子途径的分子增多,而通过双光子途径的分子减少,反之则反。进一步阐明,酪氨酸光电离的ｐＨ效应源于其酚羟基的电离。     

Comparison of two-dimensional integration methods for shape reconstruction from gradient data

As a requisite and key step in some gradient-based measurement techniques, the reconstruction of the shape, more generally the scalar potential, from the measured gradient data has been studied for many years. In this work, three types of two-dimensional integration methods are compared under various conditions. The merits and drawbacks of each integration method are consequently revealed to provide suggestions in selection of a proper integration method for a particular application.     

Determination of titanium NMR parameters of ATiO3 compounds: correlations with structural distortion

Solid state ^47,49Ti NMR spectra have been obtained for a number of perovskite and ilmenite ATiO₃ compounds. The ⁴⁹Ti quadrupole coupling constant varies from 2.75 MHz (CaTiO₃) to 15.5 MHz (MgTiO₃) and the electric field gradient at the titanium site was found to correlate well with the shear strain, independent of structure. The chemical shift in the perovskite structures varies by 160 ppm and correlates well with the mean Ti–O distance. The ²⁵Mg and ¹¹³Cd NMR parameters are also reported for the relevant compounds.     

基于梯度聚类离散思想的磁流变抛光自适应轨迹

针对磁流变抛光过程中抛光轨迹会引入迭代误差的问题,设计了步长和行距随光学表面梯度自适应变化的光栅线抛光轨迹。首先根据光学元件的表面误差分布,利用标准五点法获得面形各点的梯度值,再基于聚类离散思想将所有面形点根据梯度值大小进行了归类,从而得到轨迹步长和行距随面形误差变化的自适应轨迹。在自研的磁流变加工机床上进行了实验研究,将一块直径50 mm的微晶玻璃,从峰谷值为65 nm、均方根值为12 nm收敛到峰谷值为21 nm、均方根值为2.5 nm,并且在加工后的表面功率谱密度曲线上没有出现明显的尖峰误差。实验结果表明,这种自适应轨迹能有效抑制中高频误差。     

基于梯度与曲率相结合的图像平滑模型的研究

在图像处理过程中, 为了在图像去噪时更好地保留图像边缘细节信息, 首先结合扩散系数和曲率的性质建立了一个曲率平滑模型. 考虑到图像受到噪声污染时曲率会发生显著变化, 将图像的水平集曲率作为一个检测因子代入到上述模型中, 提出了一个梯度与曲率相结合的新模型. 分析与仿真结果表明, 该模型与Perona-Malik模型相比较保留了更多的图像信息, 有效地增强了图像尖锐的边缘, 同时很好地保持了图像的直线和曲线边缘、角点、斜坡和小尺度特征, 是一个理想的模型.     

用标准件对梯度磁场定标

就标准厚度卡片在霍尔传感器的定标方面的应用作了有益的探讨。在纵向测量微小长度时,霍尔片处于磁场边缘位置,其对磁场的梯度更大,即灵敏度更高,且靠中心位置的线性更好。     

基于概率加权共轭梯度算法的混凝土超声波层析成像

在混凝土层析成像中,为了提高反演的准确性和计算效率,针对共轭梯度算法提出一种加权算法——概率加权共轭梯度算法.新算法不同于常规的加权算法,权重是加在成像单元上而不是方程上.为取得较好的权重因子和较好的迭代初始值,采用IART算法的权重和迭代初始值的选取方法.模拟算例和混凝土试验均表明这种加权算法的可行性.     

Effect of source strength on dislocation pileups in the presence of stress gradients

The behaviour of a dislocation pileup with a finite-strength source is investigated in the presence of various stress gradients within a continuum model where a free-dislocation region exists around the source. Expressions for dislocation density and stress field within the pileup are derived for the situation where there are first and second spatial gradients in applied stress. For a pileup configuration under an applied stress, yielding occurs when the force acting on the leading dislocations at the pileup tips reaches the obstacle strength, and at the same time, it is required that the source be at the threshold stress for dislocation production. A numerical methodology is presented to solve the underlying equations that represent the yielding conditions. The yield stress calculated for a pileup configuration is found to depend on stress gradients, obstacle spacing and source/obstacle strengths. It increases with increasing the first stress gradient, yet dependent on the second stress gradient. Furthermore, while the dependency of yield stress on the obstacle spacing intensifies with increasing the first stress gradient, it diminishes with an increase of second stress gradient. Therefore, the second stress gradient, as a newly introduced parameter, can provide a new physical insight into the size-dependent plasticity phenomena at small length scales.     

折射率正负梯度交替表面的研究

利用不均匀材料提出了一种折射率正负梯度交替表面, 并利用几何光学法和电磁场数值仿真方法对其机理进行了研究与验证, 发现其可以操控电磁波的传播: 在一定的参数下, 其可以将空间中的入射电磁波一直束缚在介质中, 或在介质中传播一定距离后再实现电磁波的释放; 同时该结构具有宽带、极化无关等特性. 利用该结构可引导能流, 减小后向散射截面, 可用作隐身表面.     

Gradient- and Sensitivity-Enhanced TOCSY Experiments

A pulsed field gradient version of the sensitivity-enhanced 2D TOCSY experiment is proposed which yields high-quality spectra with improved sensitivity and a minimum of two scans pert₁increment. For rapid acquisition of 1D TOCSY spectra, the 1D DPFGSE–TOCSY experiment was modified to include phase-encoded multiple-selective excitation followed by a simple spectral editing. Combination of these two building blocks is used in a sensitivity-enhanced 2D analog of the 3D TOCSY–TOCSY experiment which provides an efficient tool for resolving severely overlapped signals of oligomers in short experimental time.