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431.
《Analytical letters》2012,45(14):2393-2405
Abstract The use of headspace solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) to determine benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) in foundry molding sand, specifically a “green sand” (clay‐bonded sand) was investigated. The BTEX extraction was conducted using a 75 µM Carboxen‐polydimethylsiloxane (CAR‐PDMS) fiber, which was suspended above 10 g of sample. The SPME fiber was desorbed in a gas chromatograph injector port (280°C for 1 min) and the analytes were characterized by mass spectrometry. The effects of extraction time and temperature, water content, and clay and bituminous coal percentage on HS‐SPME of BTEX were investigated. Because green sands contain bentonite clay and carbonaceous material such as crushed bituminous coal, a matrix effect was observed. The detection limits for BTEX were determined to be ≤0.18 ng g?1 of green sand. 相似文献
432.
A simple and novel SPE system for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene isomers (BTEX) compounds in water is proposed in which samples are directly propelled from a 15 mL glass vial through a sorbent column by means of a needle, thereby avoiding evaporative losses and the sorption of BTEX on the manifold materials. Following elution with 150 microL of ethyl acetate, 1 microL of extract is injected into a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer system. A comparative study of various sorbent materials (C60 fullerene, Tenax TA, and RP-C18) revealed C60 fullerene to be the best choice in terms of sensitivity (a likely result of its increased sample breakthrough volume), precision (the surfactant medium used to prepare samples minimizes evaporative losses), selectivity (C60 fullerene only interacts with nonpolar aromatic compounds), and reusability (columns containing 60 mg of C60 fullerene remain serviceable for at least 6 months). This C60 fullerene-based method exhibits a linear range of 0.1-100 microg/L, a detection limit of 0.04 microg/L, and an RSD of ca. 3%. It was applied to the determination of BTEX in various types of water including sea and waste water with good precision. 相似文献
433.
Seyed Ali HOSSEINI Mohammad Taghi SADEGHI Abdolali ALEMI Aligholi NIAEI Dariush SALARI Leila KAFI-AHMADI 《催化学报》2010,31(7):747-750
Nanostructured LaFeO3 and substituted LaZnxFe1-xO3 (x = 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3) perovskites were synthesized by the sol-gel auto-combustion method and used in the catalytic combustion of toluene. Their structures and surface properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy, BET surface area, and scanning electron microscopy. Characterization data revealed that the total insertion of zinc into LaFeO3 takes place when x ≤ 0.1. However, ZnO segregation occurs to some extent, especially at x > 0.1. The performance of these perovskites was evaluated by toluene combustion. The catalytic activity of the catalysts increased substantially with an increase in zinc substitution. These results can be attributed to the cooperative effect between LaZnxFe1-xO3 and the zinc oxide phases. The relative concentration of these phases determines their oxygen activation ability and reactivity. 相似文献
434.
Hydrogen production by catalytic reforming of simulated hot coke oven gas (HCOG) with toluene as a model tar compound was investigated in a fixed bed reactor over Ni/Mg(Al)O catalysts. The catalysts were prepared by a homogeneous precipitation method using urea hydrolysis and characterized by ICP, BET, XRD, TPR, TEM and TG. XRD showed that the hydrotalcite type precursor after calcination formed (Ni, Mg)Al2O4 spinel and Ni-Mg-O solid solution structure. TPR results suggested that the increase in Ni/Mg molar ratio gave rise to the decrease in the reduction temperature of Ni2+ to Ni0 on Ni/Mg(Al)O catalysts. The reaction results indicated that toluene and CH4 could completely be converted to H2 and CO in the catalytic reforming of the simulated HCOG under atmospheric pressure and the amount of H2 in the reaction effluent gas was about 4 times more than that in original HCOG. The catalysts with lower Ni/Mg molar ratio showed better catalytic activity and resistance to coking, which may become promising catalysts in the catalytic reforming of HCOG. 相似文献
435.
乙烯基三氯硅烷-甲苯二元体系等压汽液平衡 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
利用新型泵式沸点仪,在101.3kPa下测定了乙烯基三氯硅烷—甲苯二元体系等压汽液平衡数据。并对乙烯基三氯硅烷的临界性质进行了估算,分别用Wilson、NRTL、Margules、Van Laar四种模型进行了关联,结果令人满意。 相似文献
436.
437.
438.
甲苯热解机理的AM1研究(Ⅰ)热力学分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在实验的基础上,本文用Gaussian98程序包中AM1法UHF计算,对碳材料用碳前驱体甲苯的热裂解反应机理进行了研究。在对反应物,产物自由基的结构进行能量梯度法全优化的同时,计算了不同温度下的标准热力学参数(298-1073K)。热力学计算结果表明:(1)当甲苯的热裂解温度相对较低时(773K左右),热力学计算结果首先支持苯环上甲基C-H键的断裂生成苯基自由基并继而生成联二甲苯的反应;随着温度的提高(达1073K时),生成苯自由基和甲基自由基的反应比例将大生成苄基自由基的比例;该反应机理与实验结果基本一致。(2)采用Gaussian98程序包中AM1法中的UHF计算,较适合低级芳香烃热裂解反应机理的理论研究。 相似文献