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21.
Sushma Agarwal 《Journal of solution chemistry》1978,7(10):795-798
The excess volume of mixing of some electron-donating aromatic hydrocarbons like benzene, toluene,p-xylene, and mesitylene with an electronaccepting liquid 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene have been measured at 30°C. The results indicate that the interaction between the components increases as the electron-donating power of the hydrocarbons increases. The V
m
e
values are related to the ionization potentials of the hydrocarbons. 相似文献
22.
《应用有机金属化学》2017,31(3)
A porous alkynylporphyrin conjugated organic polymer (MnE‐TPP) was synthesized by Sonogashira coupling reaction with Mn(II) 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis(4′‐ethynylphenyl)porphyrin and Mn(II) 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis(4′‐bromophenyl)porphyrin as building blocks. The polymer was characterized using nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared and UV–visible spectroscopies, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetry and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The electrochemical behaviors of MnE‐TPP were investigated by cyclic voltammetry. MnE‐TPP was developed as a heterogeneous catalyst for the activation of molecular oxygen to oxidize toluene under mild conditions. The selectivity of total benzaldehyde and benzyl alcohol remained above 70.0% with a conversion of toluene up to 10.2%. The turnover number was as high as 13 653. Also, MnE‐TPP remained structurally stable and the toluene conversion rate hardly decreased after 5 h of reaction and five cycles of reuse. 相似文献
23.
Densities and speeds of sound of the (2,2,4-trimethylpentane + methylbenzene + butan-1-ol) ternary system as well as all its binary sub-systems were measured at four temperatures, namely 298.15 K, 308.15 K, 318.15 K, and 328.15 K at atmospheric pressure by a vibrating-tube densimeter DSA 5000. The binary (isooctane + toluene) system was studied previously. Excess quantities (molar volume, adiabatic compressibility, and isobaric thermal expansivity) of the mixtures studied were calculated from the experimental densities and speed of sounds. The excess molar volume data were correlated using the Redlich–Kister equation. Both the positive and S-shaped excess molar volume curves were found for the systems studied. The excess molar volumes versus concentration of binary systems differed in the shape and temperature dependence. The experimental binary data were compared with literature data. The experimental excess molar volumes were analyzed by means of the Extended Real Associated Solution (ERAS) model. The experimental data and the ERAS model can help to estimate real behaviour of the systems studied. 相似文献
24.
25.
采用溶剂热合成法,借助十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)和十八烷基三甲基溴化铵 (STAB)的修饰合成了富含硫缺陷的ZnIn2S4-CTAB和ZnIn2S4-STAB光催化剂. 通过透射电镜、X射线衍射、紫外可见漫反射光谱、电子顺磁共振和光电化学性能测试对所有样品进行了表征,并通过光催化甲苯氧化反应测试样品的催化活性. 活性结果表明ZnIn2S4-CTAB和ZnIn2S4-STAB上甲苯转化速率分别达到795 μmol gcat-1 h-1和1053 μmol gcat-1 h-1,是未修饰ZnIn2S4-Blank催化剂的4倍和5倍,同时目标产物苯甲醛选择性均大于92%. 机理研究发现,表面活性剂修饰后的ZnIn2S4-CTAB和ZnIn2S4-STAB较ZnIn2S4-Blank,具有更高浓度的硫缺陷. 硫缺陷通过捕获电子促进了光生载流子的分离与利用,显著提高了ZnIn2S4-CTAB和ZnIn2S4-STAB的光催化甲苯选择性氧化制苯甲醛活性. 相似文献
26.
Analysis of amino acids by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) requires at least one derivatization step to enable solubility in GC–MS-compatible water-immiscible organic solvents such as toluene, to make them volatile to introduce into the gas chromatograph and thermally stable enough for separation in the GC column and introduction into the ion-source, and finally to increase their ionization by increasing their electronegativity using F-rich reagents. In this work we investigated the long-term stability of the methyl esters pentafluoropropionic (Me-PFP) derivatives of 21 urinary amino acids prepared by a two-step derivatization procedure and extraction by toluene. In situ prepared trideuteromethyl ester pentafluoropropionic derivatives were used as internal standards. GC–MS analysis (injection of 1 µL aliquots and quantification by selected-ion monitoring of specific mass fragments) was performed on days 1, 2, 8, and 15. Measured peak areas and calculated peak area ratios were used to evaluate the stability of the derivatives of endogenous amino acids and their internal standards, as well as the precision and the accuracy of the method. All analyses were performed under routine conditions. Me-PFP derivatives of endogenous amino acids and their stable-isotope labelled analogs were stable in toluene for 14 days. The peak area values of the derivatives of most amino acids and their internal standards were slightly higher on days 8 and 15 compared to days 1 and 2, yet the peak area ratio values of endogenous amino acids to their internal standards did not change. Our study indicates that Me-PFP derivatives of amino acids from human urine samples can easily be prepared, are stable at least for 14 days in the extraction solvent toluene, and allow for precise and accurate quantitative measurements by GC–MS using in situ prepared deuterium-labelled methyl ester as internal standard. 相似文献
27.
Mordenite (MOR) has demonstrated potential as a catalyst for alkylation due to high variability, intrinsic porosity, and outstanding stability. However, the contact probability of benzene and methanol has been limited by typical layered structures of MOR and there is no connection between layers. Here, we report the preparedness of H-MOR via a sequential post-treatment method based on a commercial MOR. H-MOR sample had appeared lattice imperfections inferred from characterization means. The samples were tested with benezene methylation reaction. Results show that the high conversion of benzene and the high selectivity of toluene were obtained from the miracle role of lattice imperfections in the H-MOR sample. Sequentially, based on the study of all catalyst structure and physical properties, a plausible reaction mechanism for the selectivity of the desired toluene was proposed. 相似文献
28.
The transport of fluids in the semicrystalline polymer, poly(aryl ether ether ketone) (PEEK), was investigated. Both solubility and rate of penetration of toluene into PEEK are markedly increased by the application of an external stress. The induction period (i.e., the time for the sorption to begin) is a function of applied stress as well as temperature and crystallinity. At 22°C in 29% crystalline PEEK the induction period was reduced from more than 2000 h to approximately 10 h whereas the solubility of toluene was increased from 9 to 44 wt % upon the application of an external tensile stress of 30 MPa. A critical stress (i.e., a stress value below which the stress-enhanced effects are not observed) was determined. The critical stress is a strong function of crystallinity and temperature. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
29.
30.
L. Yu. Dolgikh I. L. Stolyarchuk P. E. Strizhak A. V. Shvets V. G. Il’in 《Theoretical and Experimental Chemistry》2006,42(1):37-42
The dependence of the activity and selectivity of ion-exchanged forms of zeolite X with incorporated cesium process in alkylation
of toluene with methanol in the side chain on the nature of the ion-exchanged cations (Na+, Cs+, Mg2+, Zn2+) has been established. It is shown that introduction of Mg2+ and Zn2+ in combination with Cs2CO3 significantly increased the yields of ethylbenzene and styrene in comparison with their yields on alkali forms of zeolite
X.
__________
Translated from Teoreticheskaya i éksperimental’naya Khimiya, Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 33–38, January–February, 2006. 相似文献