多氧乙烯脂肪醇醚磺酸盐的合成和表面活性

多氧乙烯脂肪醇醚硫酸盐(AES)是优良的阴离子表面活性剂,分子中的末端基是硫酸酯基(C-O-SO_3~-),在水溶液中会慢慢水解,而磺酸基(C-O-SO_3~-)则不易水解,Dahanyake等制备了含有一个氧乙基的脂肪醇醚磺酸盐并研究了它们的表面活性,本文研究了引入多个氧乙基的同类化合物R(OCH_2CH_2),SO3Na(R=C_(12-16)烷基;n=1,2,3)的合成和表面活性。     

含甲巯咪唑杂环为端基的非环冠醚的合成

本文以甲巯咪唑杂环为新的端基,在相转移催化条件合成了五个开链冠醚,这些化合物均通过元素分析、UV、IR 、^1H和^13CNMR波谱鉴定.     

主-客体化学研究进展

以分子识别为基础的主－客体化学作为新兴交叉学科，已成为当今研究的热点。本文概述了主体分子的类型、结构特征、分子识别特性及其在某些领域的应用。参考文献56篇。     

壳聚糖改性及用其整理纺织品抗菌性能的研究

用羟甲基化和醚化等方法制备了改性壳聚糖羟甲基壳聚糖和羟乙基乙基醚壳聚糖。在中性条件下它们溶解于水。实验显示，改性壳聚糖具有较好的抑菌作用和吸湿保湿性能。对织物进行的后整理实验发现，羟乙基乙基醚壳聚糖适用于对棉布的整理加工，羟甲基壳聚糖适用于对真丝绸的整理加工。经整理后的织物具有较好的抗菌性，且吸湿、透湿、染色性能较优。研究表明改性壳聚糖可作为优良的功能性天然“绿色”纺织品整理剂。     

氯霉素类兽药的三甲基硅衍生物的质谱特征及其残留测定

氯霉素(chloramphenicol,CAP)是20世纪50年代开发出来的一种广谱抗生素,因其对人体具有严重毒副作用而被禁止在食用动物源产品上使用。甲砜霉素(thiamphenicol,TAP)是人工合成的氯霉素类抗生素,结构与CAP类似,毒性较CAP小,但美国等发达国家也已禁止在食用动物上使用。氟甲砜(氯     

Protonation of 18-crown-6 by dichloropicric acid in anhydrous and in water saturated 1,2-dichloroethane. Homoconjugation of dichloropicric acid

From conductometric and UV-VIS spectrophotometric studies of the reaction between 18-crown-6 (L) and dichloropicric acid (HA) in dry and water saturated 1,2-dichloroethane, it has been concluded that formation of a 1:1 homoconjugate HA ₂ ^– accompanies the simple protonation of L, viz, L+HALH⁺A^– and L+2HALH⁺HA ₂ ^– . The electrolytes LH⁺A^– and LH⁺HA ₂ ^– are extensively, or practically completely dissociated in both solvents under the experimental conditions. The specie LH⁺A^– appears to be a contact ion pair in DCE. The stability constant of HA ₂ ^– in the dry solvent, 5.7×10³ mol^–1-cm³, is some 10^2.4 times that in propylene carbonate reflecting the difference in H-bond accepting capacity of the two solvents. Hydration of HA, A^– and HA ₂ ^– in wet dichloroethane is negligible or slight. As expected, LH⁺ is rather strongly hydrated, the ratio of the hydration constants of LH⁺ and L being about 1×10¹.     

冠醚与碱金属苦味酸盐在氯仿中形成络合物的电导

测定了氯仿中碱金属苦味酸盐——冠醚络合物的电导率及络合比。确定了体系中电导率、冠醚浓度和络合比之间的关系。讨论了这些结果的某些应用。     

Development of a Novel Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Pd Catalytic System for Organic Transformations

The results of our new finding on homogeneous and heterogeneous palladium catalytic system for oxidation of alcohols and alkenes using molecular oxygen are described together with several successful attempts to make the system recyclable from the viewpoint of environmental and economical concerns. In addition, some novel organic transformations of tert-cyclobutanols and cyclobutanone oximes are also presented where -carbon elimination involving C–C bond fission is a key step.     

Regio- and Stereo-selective Silylcarbonylation of Pentafluorostyrene

The Co_2(CO)_8 catalyzed reaction of pentafluorostyrene with triethylsilane and carbon monoxide gives a perfluorophenyl enol silyl ether as a mixture of regio- and stereo-isomers.     

Relative Ammonium Ion Affinities of 18-Crown-6 and the Isomers of Dicyclohexano-18-Crown-6

Complexes of cis-syn-cis- and cis-anti-cis-dicyclohexano-18-crown-6(DC18C6) with ammonium, methylammonium, propylammonium, isopropylammonium,butylammonium, isobutylammonium, and tert-butylammonium were generated andstudied in the gas phase using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonancemass spectrometry to measure exchange equilibrium constants of the guestswith unsubstituted 18-crown-6 (18C6). Semiempirical calculations at the PM3level were also performed for all the complexes. Both the experiments andthe calculations indicate that sterically unhindered ammonium cations bindDC18C6 in preference to 18C6, but that preference decreases or vanishes forammonium cations branched at the carbon. The cis-syn-cis isomer hashigher ammonium affinities than the cis-anti-cis isomer. The experiments andthe calculations both suggest that in the cis-syn-cis isomer the ammoniumcations preferentially bind on the face of the macroring enclosed by thecyclohexano units, but again this preference decreases for stericallycrowded ammonium substituents. These trends are explained in terms of theability of the substituents in the host to stabilize the charge of the guest.