Free vibration of non-uniform nanobeams using Rayleigh–Ritz method

In this article, boundary characteristic orthogonal polynomials have been implemented in the Rayleigh–Ritz method to investigate free vibration of non-uniform Euler–Bernoulli nanobeams based on nonlocal elasticity theory. Non-uniform cross section of nanobeams has been considered by taking linear as well as quadratic variations of Young's modulus and density along the space coordinate. Detailed analysis has been reported for all the possible cases of such variations. The objective of the present study is to analyze the effects of nonlocal parameter, boundary condition, length-to-diameter ratio and non-uniform parameter on the frequency parameters. It is found that clamped nanobeams are having highest frequency parameters than other types of boundary conditions for a particular set of parameters. It is also observed that frequency parameters decrease with increase in scaling effect parameter. First four deflection shapes of non-uniform nanobeams have also been incorporated. In this analysis, some of the new results in terms of boundary conditions have also been included.     

XPS study of Cr segregation in a martensitic stainless steel

Cr martensitic steels are promising materials for structural applications in future nuclear fusion reactors. Because the embrittlement after tempering treatments can be a serious problem, the fracture mode of a steel with 10.5 wt% of Cr treated at 700°C for 18 h has been investigated through Charpy tests in the temperature range from −100°C to +150°C. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses carried out on the fracture surfaces evidenced the segregation of Cr in both ductile and brittle (quasicleavage) fields. The unexpected result indicates that Cr segregation weakens the atomic bonds; thus, the fracture path in both the cases corresponds to the zones with higher Cr content.     

Orthogonal Cationic and Radical RAFT Polymerizations to Prepare Bottlebrush Polymers

An orthogonal combination of cationic and radical RAFT polymerizations is used to synthesize bottlebrush polymers using two distinct RAFT agents. Selective consumption of the first RAFT agent is used to control the cationic RAFT polymerization of a vinyl ether monomer bearing a secondary dormant RAFT agent, which subsequently allows side‐chain polymers to be grafted from the pendant RAFT agent by a radical‐mediated RAFT polymerization of a different monomer, thus completing the synthesis of bottlebrush polymers. The high efficiency and selectivity of the cationic and radical RAFT polymerizations allow both polymerizations to be conducted in one‐pot tandem without intermediate purification.     

Study of the nanostructure of γ‐irradiated high‐density polyethylene/carbon black composite and its durability as geomembrane

The degradation of the nearby generation of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) loaded with 2.5% of carbon black (CB) content (ie, HDPE/CB composites) is studied experimentally with the end goal of radiation safety applications. The impact of various γ‐irradiation doses in the air on the nanostructure of free volume and durability has been researched. The free volume was evaluated utilizing the positron annihilation lifetime (PAL) technique while the durability was contemplated by measuring the mechanical properties such as strain, elongation at break, and tear resistance. The electrical conductivity was explored to demonstrate the impact of the irradiation dose on the conductivity of the samples. Surface morphology studies using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed the surface fracture of HDPE/CB composites for unirradiated and irradiated samples. The surface roughness of the HDPE/CB GMs increases with increasing the irradiation dose. Among various uses of HDPE/CB composites, sheets are liners of dumps used to dispose of interim storage for Low and Medium Level Waste of NORMs and TENORMs. HDPE Geomembrane liners proved its utilization from the results of present research of electrical, mechanical tests, and SEM morphology to have the required resistance to weather conditions.     

Influence of the molding angle on tensile properties of FDM parts with orthogonal layering

Fused deposition molding (FDM) is one of the most widely used three‐dimensional (3D) printing technologies. This paper explores the influence of the forming angle on the tensile properties of FDM specimens. Orthogonal layering details were studied through experiments, theory, and finite element simulations. The stiffness and strength of the specimens were analyzed using the classical laminated plate theory and the Tsai–Wu failure criterion. The experimental process was simulated using finite element simulations. Results show that it is feasible to predict the stiffness and strength of FDM specimens using classical laminated plate theory and the Tsai–Wu failure criterion. A molding angle of 45° leads to specimens with maximized tensile properties. Numerical simulations show that changing the molding angle changes the internal stress and deformation fields inside samples, leading to FDM samples with different mechanical properties due to the orthogonal layers at different molding angles.     

PBL节点初始平动刚度计算及设计参数优化

为研究钢桁腹混凝土组合箱梁中PBL(Perfobond Leiste)节点的初始平动刚度及其影响因素,首先基于组件法,运用卡氏第二定理推导出考虑了开孔钢板与混凝土间的界面剪切力和混凝土榫贡献的PBL节点的初始平动刚度表达式,其次以某工程实例为背景,结合有限元模型验证所推公式的合理性;在此基础上分析了混凝土强度、腹杆直径、腹杆壁厚、开孔钢板开孔孔径和开孔钢板厚度等构造参数对初始平动刚度的影响,并利用正交分析法对以上5个参数进行优化组合。研究结果表明,本文方法计算的PBL节点初始平动刚度结果与有限元计算结果间的误差在8.0%以内;相较运用解三角形计算腹杆平动位移的方法,采用卡氏第二定理不仅可以简化计算,还可以减小解三角形过程中因多次计算变形带来的误差累积;腹杆刚度对PBL节点整体平动刚度的贡献最大,可达到82.5%;保持原设中的混凝土强度不变,将腹杆直径增加20 mm,将钢腹杆壁厚增加4 mm,将开孔钢板开孔孔径增加4 mm,将开孔钢板厚度增加4 mm,可以将PBL节点理论初始平动刚度提高约25.7%。     

卫星振动对星间光码分多址系统性能的影响

卫星振动是影响星间光CDMA通信系统性能的一个重要因素.考虑多用户干扰、背景光噪音、热噪音、接收机噪音和卫星振动,给出了基于PPM信号格式的星间二维光CDMA通信系统的系统模型.采用数值分析的方法,详细分析了卫星振动对该系统误码率性能的影响.结果表明,码速率、通信波长和卫星振动都会影响星间二维光CDMA通信系统的误码率性能.当卫星振动标准偏差σ≤4×10－7时,卫星振动对系统误码率性能的影响较小;当卫星振动标准偏差σ≥1.2×10－6,卫星振动对系统误码率性能的影响很大,得到的误码率难以满足系统的通信要求,需要采用卫星振动抑制或补偿等技术提高星间二维光CDMA通信系统的误码率性能.     

Electrical properties of interdigitated partially bent like shaped liquid crystalline compound

This article represents the electrical studies of an interdigitated highly skewed N(4-n-pentyloxybenzylidene) 4-n-alkylaniline (5O.16) compound. Interestingly the compound is partially bent like and unsymmetrical in alkyl chain length. Dielectric and impedance spectroscopy studies indicate the coupling between the liquid crystal and the electrical field. Studies were carried out as a function of temperature as well as frequency. Semicircular nature of the Cole–Cole plots indicates the reorientation of the molecule with the applied field. Using the experimental data and the theoretically fitted results the effective equivalent model circuit was designed. Which used to explain the behavior of the compound under the external electric effect and the influence of the electrodes with different variable represent the resistor circuit. However, the effect of the conductivity of temperature and frequency are also reported.     

松香树脂酸异构化反应研究

以松香为原料、盐酸为催化剂、95%乙醇为重结晶溶剂进行超声波强化松香树脂酸异构化反应研究.通过正交优化实验考察了反应温度、反应时间、超声波频率、搅拌转速、盐酸用量对枞酸单离收率和纯度的影响,确定最佳异构化反应条件为: 超声频率47.2 kHz,反应温度55℃,盐酸用量0.06 mL盐酸·(g松香)-1 ,反应时间40 min,搅拌转速300 r·min-1,枞酸单离收率为31.76%,纯度为97.32%.采用气相色谱仪和圆盘旋光仪对枞酸产品进行了分析鉴定,实验值与文献值吻合.     

利用偏钛酸浆料制备大比表面纳米管钛酸工艺的研究

以偏钛酸浆料为原料通过水热法合成了纳米管钛酸,并采用TEM,比表面积测定仪等分析手段观察其形貌和管径大小,测定了其比表面积和孔体积.同时运用正交实验法考察了反应温度、反应时间对纳米管钛酸比表面积和孔体积的影响.实验结果表明,所制备的纳米管钛酸平均比表面积高达 340m2 /g,最佳的制备工艺是:工业碱NaOH的质量分数为 25. 7 %、偏钛酸浆料的质量分数为 17. 1 %、后处理酸度为pH=1、反应温度为 120℃、反应时间为 20h.