Study on the improvement of crystallization of high density polyethylene through dynamic packing injection molding

To better understand the effect of high‐density polyethylene on crystal morphology under the shear stress field, the dynamic packing injection molding was used to prepare the oriented pure polyethylene. In this present work, dynamic packing injection molding can exert a successive shear field on the melt in the mold cavity during packing stage. The structure of the samples was characterized through differential scanning calorimetry, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The oriented lamellae perpendicular to the flow direction can be formed. Oscillating stress between the lower and upper critical values can induce shish forming. The shish kebabs can be generated through sufficient relaxation led by slow cooling and suitable shear. We roughly discuss the relationship between the shear rate and crystal shape. Our results set up a method to reinforce polymer parts by regulating morphology and structure which can be used to do practical processing condition. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Mechanical properties and transition temperatures of cross-linked oriented gelatin

This study is an extension of previous work on cellulosics [(1994)Colloid Polym Sci 272: 284, 393] that showed that unusually good mechanical properties can be obtained by drying a swollen network of semirigid chains in a state of strain. This novel approach is applied in this investigation to gelatin, because of its attractive environmental characteristics but poor mechanical properties in the unmodified form. Since drawing of non-crosslinked gelatin is not practical, crosslinking by formaldehyde was used, followed by swelling, drawing and drying at fixed length. Mechanical tests were performed in static and dynamic modes. In this way improvements of Young's modulusE, and stress at break _b were determined as a function of gelatin concentration during drying. An increase inE and _b up to 2–3 times, and in the dynamic modulusE up to 6 times, was obtained when the draw ratio reached 4–5, after whichE, E, and _b were found to decrease. Such behavior is explained by the highest orientation being achieved at =4–5, as proved by x-ray analysis. At =10–20 the orientation is lost due to relaxation of chain segments, which is preceded by partial destroying of the network structure (chemical and physical), possibly via chain scission, but probably mostly by the pulling out of chains from crystallites. In any case, the mechanical properties become poor again.The improvements reported above were referred to the undrawn but crosslinked gelatin. Compared to the starting isotropic non-crosslinked material, the improvement is slightly higher. The observation that the improvements are less than those obtained for the cellulosics is explained by the coexistence of interpenetrating chemical and physical networks, which is typical of gelatin. This structural feature drastically reduces the orientability of the chains and the improvements that can be expected in the mechanical properties.     

CHCl3电子吸附速率常数的离子迁移谱

The dissociative electron attachment process for CHCl₃ at different electric field have been studied with nitrogen as drift and carrier gas using corona discharge ionization source ion mobility spectrometry (CD-IMS). The corresponding electron attachment rate constants varied from 1.26×10^-8 cm³/(molecules s) to 8.24×10^-9 cm³/(molecules s) as the electric field changed from 200 V/cm to 500 V/cm. At a fixed electric field in the drift region,the attachment rate constants are also detected at different sample concentration. The ion-molecule reaction rate constants for the further reaction between Cl^- and CHCl₃ are also detected, which indicates that the technique maybe becomes a new method to research the rate constants between ions and neural molecules. And the reaction rate constants between Cl^- and CHCl₃ are the first time detected using CD-IMS.     

Quantitative Structure—Activity Relationships in the Lithium and Sodium Affinities of n—Alkyl Fluorides

B3L YP/6-31 g(d,p)method was used to calculate the lithium and sodium affinities of n-alkyl fluoride. These affinities were found to obey the Holmes relationship, i.e.they correlate linearly with the quotient n/(n 1), where n is the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl chain. From the correlation the limiting values of lithium and sodium affinities for very long alkyl chain were predicted to be-153.3kJ/mol and -108.4kJ/mol,respectively.     

多维课堂模式结合多示例导向在医用基础化学教学中的应用研究

概述了多维课堂教学模式及示例导向式的研究型教学设计在医科院校医用基础化学课程中胶体分散系章节的应用情况.于我校而言,该部分内容由于授课安排较早,概念性内容偏多,对初入大学还未有完善自主学习能力的学生具有一定难度.因此,教学组精心设计了与医学内容联系紧密、并含本章重要概念的多种示例,同时选取部分知识点邀请临床科室教师...     

On value preserving and growth optimal portfolios

In a discrete-time financial market setting, the paper relates various concepts introduced for dynamic portfolios (both in discrete and in continuous time). These concepts are: value preserving portfolios, numeraire portfolios, interest oriented portfolios, and growth optimal portfolios. It will turn out that these concepts are all associated with a unique martingale measure which agrees with the minimal martingale measure only for complete markets.     

n重积分换元公式的证明

在建立微分线性空间基础上、引入向量外积和有向体积,找到了微分线性变换与有向体积之间的关系,由此给出了n重积分换元公式的一个简单证法.     

Cohomology of oriented algebras

In this paper, our goal is to develop the equivariant version of Hochschild cohomology. In particular, we develop a cohomology theory for oriented algebras.     

Staleya guttiformis attachment on poly(tert-butylmethacrylate) polymeric surfaces

The attachment behaviour of Staleya guttiformis DSM 11458^T on poly(tert-butyl methacrylate) (P(tBMA)) polymeric surfaces has been studied. The electrostatic charge of the S. guttiformis cell surface (measured as zeta potential via microelectrophoresis) was −43.18 mV. S. guttiformis cells appeared weakly hydrophilic as the water contact angle measured on lawns of bacterial cells was found to be 55 ± 4.9°. It was found that while attaching on P(tBMA) surfaces, S. guttiformis cells produced extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) as observed from atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The AFM high resolution imaging revealed the nano-topography of the ‘free’ (the EPS that is produced by the bacterial cells, but no longer directly attached to the cells) EPS associated on the cell surface and also found on P(tBMA) surface. The ‘free’ EPS exhibited granular structure with lateral dimensions of 30–50 nm and a vertical nano-roughness of 7–10 nm. Another type of the EPS secreted by S. guttiformis cells appeared as a hydogel substance, presumably polysaccharide that formed a biopolymer network that facilitated bacterial attachment.     

强化演示实验,开展大学物理研究型教学

探讨对工科大学物理研究型教学的认识以及演示实验在其中的重要作用,同时介绍我们的一些做法.