Alternating direction algorithms for solving Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations

We focus on numerically solving a typical type of Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equations arising from a class of optimal controls with a standard multidimensional diffusion model. Solving such an equation results in the value function and an optimal feedback control law. The Bellman's curse of dimensionality seems to be the main obstacle to applicability of most numerical algorithms for solving HJB. We decompose HJB into a number of lower-dimensional problems, and discuss how the usual alternating direction method can be extended for solving HJB. We present some convergence results, as well as preliminary experimental outcomes.This research was funded in part by an RGC grant from the University of Alabama.     

提升钢丝绳动态分析的分段线性化解法

本文在研究提升机绳系动态特性过程中,建立了一类非齐次边界条件混合问题的波动方程;应用离散化方法将非齐次项分段线性化,得到了该类波动方程的半解析解.     

Optimality of a Threshold Policy in theM/M/ queue with repeated vacations

Consider anM/M/1 queueing system with server vacations where the server is turned off as soon as the queue gets empty. We assume that the vacation durations form a sequence of i.i.d. random variables with exponential distribution. At the end of a vacation period, the server may either be turned on if the queue is non empty or take another vacation. The following costs are incurred: a holding cost ofh per unit of time and per customer in the system and a fixed cost of each time the server is turned on. We show that there exists a threshold policy that minimizes the long-run average cost criterion. The approach we use was first proposed in Blanc et al. (1990) and enables us to determine explicitly the optimal threshold and the optimal long-run average cost in terms of the model parameters.     

Optimal production control of a dynamic two-product manufacturing system with setup costs and setup times

This paper deals with the optimal control of a one-machine two-product manufacturing system with setup changes, operating in a continuous time dynamic environment. The system is deterministic. When production is switched from one product to the other, a known constant setup time and a setup cost are incurred. Each product has specified constant processing time and constant demand rate, as well as an infinite supply of raw material. The problem is formulated as a feedback control problem. The objective is to minimize the total backlog, inventory and setup costs incurred over a finite horizon. The optimal solution provides the optimal production rate and setup switching epochs as a function of the state of the system (backlog and inventory levels). For the steady state, the optimal cyclic schedule is determined. To solve the transient case, the system's state space is partitioned into mutually exclusive regions such that with each region, the optimal control policy is determined analytically.     

Thick junction broadband organic photodiodes

Inorganic semiconductor‐based broadband photodetectors are ubiquitous in imaging technologies such as digital cameras and photometers. Herein a broadband organic photodiode (OPD) that has performance metrics comparable or superior to inorganic photodiodes over the same spectral range is reported. The photodiode with an active layer comprised of a poly[N‐9′‐heptadecanyl‐2,7‐carbazole‐alt‐5,5‐(4′,7′‐di‐2‐thienyl‐2′,1′,3′‐benzothiadiazole)]:[6,6]‐phenyl‐C₇₁‐butyric acid methyl ester bulk heterojunction blend had a dark current < 1 nA/cm², specific detectivity of ∼10¹³ Jones, reverse bias −3 dB frequency response of 100 kHz to 1 MHz, and state‐of‐the‐art Linear Dynamic Range for organic photodiodes of nine orders of magnitude (180 dB). The key to these performance metrics was the use of a thick junction (700 nm), which flattened the spectral response, reduced the dark current and decreased performance variations. The strategy also provides a route to large area defect free “monolithic” structures for low noise integrated photo‐sensing, position determination, or contact, non‐focal imaging.     

有机聚合物量子阱结构及其应用

讨论了有机聚合物量子阱结构的生长方法,特性及其在改善发光器件性能和发展电泵有机激光中的应用。     

三线圈超导磁体在脉冲电流下的动力稳定性分析

对于聚变反应堆中超导载流磁体在稳态电流基础上受到脉冲电流影响时的动力稳定性给出了定量分析方法。结合其超导载流磁体的实验结构,给出了超导磁体在不同稳态工作电流（即低于稳态的磁弹性人稳临界电流）作用下受到矩形脉冲电流作用 磁弹性动力响应的数值模拟结果。在此基础上,给出了关于稳态工作电流、脉冲电流强度和脉冲持续时间等参数的磁弹性动力稳定性参数范围。     

高场下界面势垒对双层有机器件复合发光的影响

以高场作用下载流子对三角势垒的Fowler-Nordheim隧穿理论为基础,建立了双层有机电致发光器件中载流子的输运和复合发光模型.计算并讨论了所加电压与界面势垒对器件的复合电流及其复合效率的影响.该理论模型很好地解释了实验现象,并进一步证实了电场对复合区域的调制作用. 关键词： 有机电致发光 双层器件 界面势垒     

Dynamic glottal pressures in an excised hemilarynx model

During phonation, air pressures act upon the vocal folds to help maintain their oscillation. The air pressures vary dynamically along the medial surface of the vocal folds, although no live human or excised studies have shown how those pressure profiles vary in time. The purpose of this study was to examine time-dependent glottal pressure profiles using a canine hemilarynx approach. The larynx tissue was cut in the midsaggital plane from the top to about 5 mm below the vocal folds. The right half was replaced with a Plexiglas pane with imbedded pressure taps. Simultaneous recordings were made of glottal pressure signals, subglottal pressure, particle velocity, and average airflow at various levels of adduction. The data indicate that the pressures in the glottis (on the Plexiglas) vary both vertically and longitudinally throughout the phonatory cycle. Pressures vary most widely near the location of maximum vibratory amplitude, and can include negative pressures during a portion of the cycle. Pressures anterior and posterior to the maximum amplitude location may have less variation and may remain positive throughout the cycle, giving rise to a new concept called dynamic bidirectional pressure gradients in the glottis. This is an important concept that may relate strongly to tissue health as well as basic oscillatory mechanics.     

氧化锌掺铝绒面薄膜在有机光伏电池中的应用

目前有机光伏电池的吸光活性层电学传输特性和光学吸收特性的不匹配是制约其能量转换效率提升的主要原因之一. 通过陷光结构对入射光进行调控, 提高电池对光的约束和俘获能力从而达到“电学薄”和“光学厚”的等效作用, 是解 决有机光伏电池电学和光学不匹配的有效手段. 本文采用湿法刻蚀技术获得了系列时间梯度的绒面氧化锌掺铝薄膜, 并将其作为有机光伏电池的入射陷光电极, 显著增强了电池的光学吸收. 研究发现, 当使用浓度0.5%的稀HCL腐蚀30 s后的氧化锌掺铝薄膜作为入射电极后, 电池的光电性能和效率显著增强. 基于此绒面电极电池的电流密度比平面结构的电池提高了8.17%, 效率改善了11.29%. 通过对绒面电极表面的修饰处理, 实现了电极与光活性层之间良好的界面接触, 从而减小了对电池的开路电压和填充因子的影响.