非晶钛酸铋的晶化过程

利用差热分析、X射线衍射和透射电子显微镜等技术对溶胶-凝胶法合成的凝胶的晶化过程进行了分析，实验结果表明，Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂非晶凝胶晶化过程经历了四个过程：首先在433℃先形成了Bi₂O₃和TiO₂亚稳相，然后在488℃时TiO₂亚稳相与Bi₂O₃反应形成Bi，Ti复合氧化物亚稳相Bi₂T 关键词： 钛酸铋 铁电材料 溶胶凝胶 非晶 晶化过程     

第一壁材料用纳米结构氧化物弥散强化钢制备工艺及其性能研究进展

近年来发展起来的纳米结构氧化物弥散强化钢(ODS钢),因其有优异的耐高温、抗辐照及力学性能,满足聚变堆第一壁结构材料的要求。本文主要简述了纳米结构ODS钢制备工艺及其性能的研究进展。     

Stress dependence of growth mode change of epitaxial layered cobaltite γ-Na0.7CoO2

We report stress dependence of growth characteristics of epitaxial γ-Na_0.7CoO₂ films on various substrates deposited by pulsed laser deposition method. On the sapphire substrate, the γ-Na_0.7CoO₂ thin film exhibits spiral surface growth with multi-terraces and highly crystallized texture. For the γ-Na_0.7CoO₂ thin film grown on the (1 1 1) SrTiO₃ substrate, the nano-islands of ∼30 nm diameter on the hexagonal grains are observed. These islands indicate that the growth mode changes from step-flow growth mode to Stranski-Krastanow (SK) growth mode. On the (1 1 1) MgO substrate, the large grains formed by excess adatoms covering an aperture between hexagonal grains are observed. These experimental demonstrations and controllability could provide opportunities of strain effects of Na_xCoO₂, physical properties of thin films, and growth dynamics of heterogeneous epitaxial thin films.     

Hollow glass microspheres coated with CoFe2O4 and its microwave absorption property

Spinel CoFe₂O₄ coating on the surface of hollow glass microspheres of low density was synthesized by co-precipitation method. The phase structures, morphologies, particle size, shell thickness, chemical compositions of the composites have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results show that CoFe₂O₄ coating on hollow glass microspheres can be achieved, and the coating layers are constituted by CoFe₂O₄ nanoparticles of mean size ca. 10 nm. The as-synthesized powder materials were uniformly dispersed into the phenolic cement, then the mixture was pasted on metal plate with the area of 200 mm×200 mm as the test plate. The test of microwave absorption was carried out by the radar-absorbing materials (RAM) reflectivity far field radar cross-section (RCS) method. The results indicate that the coated CoFe₂O₄/hollow glass microspheres composites can be applied in lightweight and strong absorption microwave absorbers.     

CeO_2负载多孔碱激发钢渣基催化剂的制备及其光催化性能

固体废弃物高附加值利用是资源可持续发展的重要途径之一,创新性的提出了以丙烯酸树脂乳液为孔形成剂,对碱激发钢渣基胶凝材料的孔结构进行调变,制备出新型多孔碱激发钢渣基胶凝材料,采用初湿浸渍法合成了一种新型的CeO_2负载的多孔钢渣基催化剂。利用XRF,XRD,BET,UV-Vis DRS等手段对光催化剂的组成、结构及光谱性能进行了表征,评价了其光催化分解水制氢活性。结果表明:孔形成剂的加入,改变了碱激发钢渣基胶凝材料的孑L结构,其介孔体积增加了70.27%,负载8 Wt%CeO_2的光催化剂介孔体积增加了144.14%。在模拟太阳光源辐照6 h后,负载8 Wt%CeO_2的光催化剂的最高产氢活性(7 653μmol·g~(-1))和产氢速率[1 275.5μmol·(g·h)~(-1)]归因于介孔体积增加了水分子的传质速率以及高分散的CeO_2活性组分与载体中FeO形成的耦合半导体促进了光生电子-空穴对的高效分离。     

浙江三个新石器时代遗址出土玉玦科技分析

玉玦是我国新石器时代广泛出现的一类重要玉器。环太湖流域新石器时代遗址中出土的大量玉玦,具有鲜明时代和地域特征,为探索中国玉文化起源和传播提供了重要实物。为获取环太湖流域新石器时代玉玦的基础材料学信息(如主要矿物组成、硬度等),以及探索玉料随时间演变规律和可能的原料来源,本文以浙江省境内3个代表性新石器时代遗址--田螺山、仙坛庙和江家山遗址出土的玉玦为研究对象,采用X射线衍射(XRD)和质子激发X射线荧光(PIXE)分析技术对其进行了无损分析检测。研究结果表明： 从河姆渡文化至崧泽文化晚期,所分析玉玦的主要组成矿物为萤石、迪开石、石英、白云母、透闪石和蛇纹石等,以萤石、玉髓和迪开石为主,且时代早于透闪石和蛇纹石。结合已有的研究成果,探讨了相关遗址出土玉玦的原料随时间变化特征、原料来源,以及玉玦的材料学特征与加工工艺之间的内在联系。     

Strategy of improving the stability and detonation performance for energetic material by introducing the boron atoms

A novel stable energetic compound (E)‐1,2‐diamino‐1,2‐dinitrodiboron (DANB) was theoretically designed based on the structure of 1,1‐diamino‐2,2‐dinitroethene (FOX‐7). Atomization method in combination with Hess' law was used to predict the heat of formation. The detonation velocity (D) and detonation pressure (P) of DANB were approximatively estimated by using Kamlet–Jacobs equations. As a result, DANB has huge heat of formation (2013.5 kJ/mol) and specific enthalpy of combustion (?26.4 kJ/g). Furthermore, DANB possesses high crystal density (1.85 g/cm³) and heat of detonation (5476.0 cal/g), which lead to surprising detonation performance (D = 10.72 km/s, P = 51.9 GPa) that is greater than those of FOX‐7 (D = 8.63 km/s, P = 34.0 GPa) and CL‐20 (D = 9.62 km/s, P = 44.1 GPa). More importantly, DANB is very stable because its bond dissociation energy of the weakest bond (BDE = 357.8 kJ/mol) is larger than those of the most common explosives, such as FOX‐7 (BDE = 200.4 kJ/mol), CL‐20(BDE = 209.2 kJ/mol), HMX(BDE = 165.7 kJ/mol), and RDX (BDE = 161.4 kJ/mol). Therefore, our results show that DANB is a promising candidate for stable and powerful energetic material.     

基于贝叶斯多元有序probit模型的休闲渔业游客满意度研究

游客满意度是休闲渔业景区制定管理决策的重要参考信息。通过探究游览过程中游客对各单一维度的满意程度与旅游总满意度之间的关系,管理者可以从中准确了解游客偏好、消费行为以及获取旅游产品设计等重要信息。据此,本文采取实地调研,获取11家全国休闲渔业示范基地1510份游客满意度信息,使用马尔科夫链蒙特卡洛法(Markov Chain Monte Carlo, MCMC),估算贝叶斯多元有序probit模型,并利用模型后验结果衡量休闲渔业游客7种分满意度对总体满意度的贡献。研究结果表明:渔憩体验满意度、景区环境满意度以及旅游餐饮满意度是对总体满意度影响程度最大的三种分满意度,所占比例分别为43.58%、24.67%、10.62%。     

Bioactive calcium phosphate coating formed on micro-arc oxidized magnesium by chemical deposition

In order to improve the bioactivity of the micro-arc oxidized magnesium, a calcium phosphate coating was formed on the surface of micro-arc oxidized magnesium using a chemical method. The microstructures of the substrate and the calcium phosphate coating before and after the simulated body fluids (SBF) incubation were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the calcified coating was composed of calcium deficient hydroxyapatite (HA) and dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD). After SBF incubation, some new apatite formation on the calcified coating surface from SBF could be found. The corrosion behaviours of the samples in SBF were also investigated by potentiodynamic polarization curves and immersion tests. The results showed that calcium phosphate coating increased the corrosion potential, and decreased the hydrogen gas release.     

The effect of multi-step milling and annealing treatments on microstructure and magnetic properties of nanostructured Fe-Si powders

Nanostructured Fe_1−xSi_x (x=0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2) powders are prepared by different multi-step milling and annealing treatments. The microstructure and magnetic properties are investigated for all alloys. The minimum crystallite size of as-annealed powders (∼40 nm) is found to be larger than in as-milled ones (∼15 nm). It is found that microstrains of 2- and 4-step processes are close to those of the as-received powders. The lattice parameter decreased ∼0.5% and 0.9% for the powders that experienced milling and annealing at the last step, respectively. The Fe₈₀Si₂₀ powders prepared by 1- and 4-step treatments show the maximum (40-125 Oe) and minimum (20-26 Oe) coercivity, respectively. With increase in milling time, mass magnetization increased for all processes. This can be ascribed to diminution in magneto-crystalline anisotropy due to grain refinement. The maximum mass magnetization (160-199 Am²/kg) is achieved for the 4-step process.