超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法测定毒蘑菇中5种鹅膏肽类毒素北大核心CSCD

鹅膏肽类毒素是毒蘑菇中毒事件中最常见的致死毒素,因此研究建立了超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱检测毒蘑菇中5种鹅膏肽类毒素的方法。样品经纯水提取后,以乙腈-5 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液(含0.1%甲酸)为流动相进行梯度洗脱,用HSS T3色谱柱(100 mm×2.0 mm, 2.1μm)对待测组分进行色谱分离;采用可加热电喷雾电离源(HESI),全扫描/数据依赖二级质谱扫描(Full mass-ddMS^(2))模式对待测物进行定性分析;在目标离子选择性扫描(Targeted-SIM)模式下,以外标法对待测物进行定量测定。结果显示,5种鹅膏肽类毒素在1.0~20.0μg/L范围内均呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.99,检出限均为0.006 mg/kg,加标回收率为81.8%~102.4%,相对标准偏差为3.2%~8.3%。方法提供了丰富的化合物特征信息,可根据提取离子流色谱图结合同位素分布信息锁定可疑化合物,根据一级质谱和二级质谱碎片离子的精确质荷比,在没有相关标准品的情况下可对未知化合物进行结构推断和确证。方法样品前处理简单,定性分析特异性强,定量测定灵敏度高,可满足突发公共卫生事件快速定性定量的检测要求,同时也为开展此类毒素中毒快速筛查及未知毒素的结构锁定提供了可靠的技术支撑。     

Characterization of Natural and Alkaline-Oxidized Proanthocyanidins in Plant Extracts by Ultrahigh-Resolution UHPLC-MS/MS

In this study, we analyzed the proanthocyanidin (PA) composition of 55 plant extracts before and after alkaline oxidation by ultrahigh-resolution UHPLC-MS/MS. We characterized the natural PA structures in detail and studied the sophisticated changes in the modified PA structures and the typical patterns and models of reactions within different PA classes due to the oxidation. The natural PAs were A- and B-type PCs, PDs and PC/PD mixtures. In addition, we detected galloylated PAs. B-type PCs in different plant extracts were rather stable and showed no or minor modification due to the alkaline oxidation. For some samples, we detected the intramolecular reactions of PCs producing A-type ether linkages. A-type PCs were also rather stable with no or minor modification, but in some plants, the formation of additional ether linkages was detected. PAs containing PD units were more reactive. After alkaline oxidation, these PAs or their oxidation products were no longer detected by MS even though a different type and/or delayed PA hump was still detected by UV at 280 nm. Galloylated PAs were rather stable under alkaline oxidation if they were PC-based, but we detected the intramolecular conversion from B-type to A-type. Galloylated PDs were more reactive and reacted similarly to nongalloylated PDs.     

高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨率质谱检测酱油中的4-甲基咪唑与2-甲基咪唑

建立了高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨率质谱测定酱油中4-甲基咪唑(4-MI)和2-甲基咪唑(2-MI)的方法。酱油样品经水稀释,过MCX固相萃取小柱,经5%的氨化甲醇洗脱后,于45℃下氮气吹干,用乙腈水溶液溶解残渣,涡旋充分混合后过0.45μm滤膜。采用Agilent HILIC Plus(2.1 mm×100 mm,3.5μm)色谱柱进行分离,以乙腈-5.0 mmol/L乙酸铵(80∶20)为流动相进行等度洗脱。质谱采用正离子模式,在质荷比(m/z)50~100范围内通过高分辨质谱全扫描模式提取目标化合物的精确质量数,以一级母离子为定量离子,外标法定量。在所建立的色谱条件下,4-MI和2-MI能够得到较好的分离。该方法对4-MI和2-MI的检出限可达2.5 mg/kg。在25~500 ng/m L浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.99。对生抽、老抽、黄豆酱油及有机酱油中4-MI和2-MI进行3个水平的加标实验,平均回收率为78.3%~95.7%,相对标准偏差(RSD)不大于9.4%。该方法样品处理过程简单,适用于酱油中4-MI和2-MI的测定,对规范酱油生产和焦糖色素的加入具有重要意义。     

超高效液相色谱-线性离子阱/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱直接分析葡萄酒中38种多酚类化合物

建立了超高效液相色谱-线性离子阱/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱检测葡萄酒中38种多酚化合物的检测方法。样品过聚醚砜(PES)滤膜后直接上样分析,Hypersil Gold C18色谱柱分离,以乙腈(含0.1%甲酸)和0.1%甲酸水作为流动相梯度洗脱。在m/z 50~1000范围内进行一级质谱全扫描。以准分子离子峰的精确质量数和提取的色谱图峰面积进行筛查分析和定量,以保留时间和数据依赖扫描(data-dependent scan)模式获得的子离子质谱图进行定性确证。38种多酚化合物的质量偏差不大于5×10^-6(5 ppm),浓度与特征离子峰面积的线性关系良好(浓度线性范围为两个数量级),相关系数(R²)大于0.99,方法检出限为0.002~0.50 mg/kg。3个添加水平的回收率范围为90%~102%,相对标准偏差为0.51%~2.56%。应用该方法检测了葡萄酒中38种多酚化合物的含量,该方法准确、可靠。     

液相色谱-高分辨质谱联用技术在食品欺诈检测鉴别中的应用

针对我国现阶段较为突出的违法使用农兽药、滥用食品添加剂、非法添加非食用物质和掺杂使假等食品欺诈问题,综述了近5年来液相色谱-高分辨质谱联用技术在该领域的应用情况。重点介绍了高分辨质谱,主要是飞行时间质谱和静电场轨道阱质谱技术的定向筛查和非定向筛查功能在食品欺诈检测鉴别中的应用,以期为解决该类食品安全问题提供有益的参考。     

高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法快速筛查保健食品中的西布曲明及其5种衍生物

建立了高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱（HPLC-Q/Orbitrap HRMS）快速筛查保健食品中的西布曲明及其5种衍生物的方法。样品经甲醇超声提取,高速离心,Hypersil Gold色谱柱（100 mm×2.1 mm,3 μm）分离,以甲醇与0.15%（v/v）甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,正离子全扫描/数据依赖二级扫描（Full MS/dd-MS²）模式下进行质谱分析,一级高分辨准分子离子峰定量。8 min内完成对样品中分析物的分离和高精度一级、二级扫描,得到准确质量数和准确碎片离子信息。实验结果表明,6种化合物的精确质量相对偏差均小于1×10^-6,在0.5~20.0 μg/L范围内线性相关系数大于0.999,定量限为25 μg/kg,回收率在93.5%~103.5%,相对标准偏差在1.5%~7.7%,本方法具有前处理简单、快速、准确、高灵敏度、高选择性等特点,可用于保健食品中西布曲明及其衍生物等减肥类非法添加物的定性筛查和定量分析。     

超高效液相色谱-高分辨率质谱法筛查化妆品中12种糖皮质激素

建立了超高效液相色谱-四极杆-静电场轨道阱质谱快速筛查和确证化妆品中可能添加的12种糖皮质激素的分析方法。样品经乙腈提取,用Acquity UPLC BEH C18柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm)分离,以0.1%甲酸甲醇和0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱。以正离子全扫描模式得到糖皮质激素的精确质量数,与理论精确质量数对比,精确度偏差小于2×10-6。建立了筛查列表,并将12种糖皮质激素物质的二级质谱数据库加入确证条件中,实现了对12种糖皮质激素类物质的快速筛查。检出限为1~2μg/kg,定量下限为3~5μg/kg;加标水平为10,20,40μg/kg时,回收率为78.3%~112.5%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.0%~11.2%。该方法可作为化妆品中非法添加糖皮质激素成分的高通量筛选和确认检测方法。     

Preparing to read the ubiquitin code: top‐down analysis of unanchored ubiquitin tetramers

The characterization of polyubiquitin chains has been an analytical challenge for several decades. It has been shown that anchored and unanchored polyubiquitin chains with different isopeptide linkages and lengths exhibit a wide range of profoundly different cellular functions. However, structure function studies have been hindered by the difficulty of characterizing these complex chain structures. This report presents a broadly applicable workflow to characterize ubiquitin tetramers without the need for genetic mutations or reiterative immunoprecipitations. We use a top‐down proteomic strategy that exploits ETciD activation on an orbitrap Fusion Lumos and manual interpretation aided by graphical interpretation of mass shifts to facilitate characterization of chain topography and lysine linkage sites. Our workflow differentiates all topological features of the numerous isomers of tetraubiquitin, which have molecular masses in excess of 34 000 Da and identifies linkage sites in these branched proteins. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

超高效液相色谱-静电场轨道离子阱高分辨质谱法测定设施菜地土壤中有机磷酸二酯类化合物北大核心CSCD

有机磷酸二酯(Di-OPEs)被认为是有机磷酸三酯的生物或非生物降解产物。该研究基于超高效液相色谱-静电场轨道离子阱高分辨质谱(UHPLC-Orbitrap HRMS)建立了设施菜地土壤中磷酸二(2-氯)乙酯(BCEP)、磷酸二(1,3-二氯异丙基)酯(BDCP)、磷酸二正丁酯(DnBP)、磷酸二苯酯(DPhP)和磷酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)5种Di-OPEs的定性定量分析方法。首先,土壤样品以甲醇为提取溶剂,超声提取,选择Oasis WAX固相萃取柱进行净化,用8 mL含5%(v/v)氨水的甲醇溶液洗脱,洗脱液浓缩定容后,应用Thermo Accucore RP-MS色谱柱,以甲醇-0.2 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液为流动相进行分离,采用UHPLC-Orbitrap HRMS测定,质谱分析采用电喷雾负离子模式电离,在全扫描模式下检测。在优化的分析检测条件下,5种Di-OPEs的检出限为0.001~0.047 ng/g,定量限为0.004~0.156 ng/g。5种Di-OPEs的标准曲线线性关系良好,相关系数(r)为0.998 5~0.999 9。在5.0、25.0、50.0 ng/g的添加条件下,3种加标水平的回收率为56.9%~133.0%,相对标准偏差为4.4%~18.9%。应用建立的方法对采集的16个设施菜地土壤样品进行分析,结果显示设施菜地土壤中5种Di-OPEs的含量为2.53~6.94 ng/g,所有样品中Di-OPEs的检出率均高于60%。其中,DnBP是设施菜地土壤中的主要污染物,含量范围为1.37~3.20 ng/g,占Di-OPEs总含量的23.4%~68.8%。该方法操作简便,灵敏度高,重复性良好,适用于设施菜地土壤中Di-OPEs的测定,也为今后开展设施菜地土壤中Di-OPEs的环境行为和人体暴露研究提供可靠的技术支持。     

An integrated method for metabolite detection and identification using a linear ion trap/Orbitrap mass spectrometer and multiple data processing techniques: application to indinavir metabolite detection

A new strategy using a hybrid linear ion trap/Orbitrap mass spectrometer and multiple post-acquisition data mining techniques was evaluated and applied to the detection and characterization of in vitro metabolites of indinavir. Accurate-mass, full-scan MS and MS/MS data sets were acquired with a generic data-dependent method and processed with extracted-ion chromatography (EIC), mass-defect filter (MDF), product-ion filter (PIF), and neutral-loss filter (NLF) techniques. The high-resolution EIC process was shown to be highly effective in the detection of common metabolites with predicted molecular weights. The MDF process, which searched for metabolites based on the similarity of mass defects of metabolites to those of indinavir and its core substructures, was able to find uncommon metabolites not detected by the EIC processing. The high-resolution PIF and NLF processes selectively detected metabolites that underwent fragmentation pathways similar to those of indinavir or its known metabolites. As a result, a total of 15 metabolites including two new indinavir metabolites were detected and characterized in a rat liver S9 incubation sample. Overall, these data mining techniques, which employed distinct metabolite search mechanisms, were complementary and effective in detecting both common and uncommon metabolites. In summary, the results demonstrated that this analytical strategy enables the high-throughput acquisition of accurate-mass LC/MS data sets, comprehensive search of a variety of metabolites through the post-acquisition processes, and effective structural characterization based on elemental compositions of metabolite molecules and their product ions.