动力学光度法测定氯气浓度的理论和实验研究

基于氯气可以使酸性溴化钾-甲基橙溶液褪色的反应,提出了一种使用动力学方法测量氯气含量的新方法;对该方法的定量原理进行了详细的理论分析,并通过一套简单的装置验证了这一原理;本文所描述的方法在保持推荐方法即甲基橙比色法优点的同时,大大缩短了测量时间,并使显色溶液的保存和使用更加方便。     

微波促进含铬废渣催化H2O2降解甲基橙溶液研究

偶氮染料废水中含有铬等重金属和偶氮类难降解有机物,使废水的色度大、可生物降解性低,从而形成了难处理的复合污染废水.文章研究了微波辐射下铬渣催化氧化降解甲基橙溶液中COD去除率和脱色率,探索了微波功率、微波辐射时间、pH值、铬渣用量、H2O2浓度、甲基橙浓度等对降解性能的影响,并测定了甲基橙溶液处理前后的紫外-可见光谱图.微波促进铬渣催化甲基橙溶液脱色是羟基自由基破坏偶氮键结构.有机废水中的某些过渡金属离子可作为高级氧化技术处理有机污染物降解中的催化剂,可减少化学处理药剂的使用量,降低复合污染废水的处理成本.铬渣中溶解性铬离子与H2O2形成类Fenton体系,产生羟基自由基(·OH)矿化甲基橙.利用微波加热的热效应和非热效应,能大大促进有机物的矿化速率.微波辐射能提高催化过程中H2O2的利用效率,减少氧化剂的使用量.酸性条件有利于类Fenton试剂产生羟基自由基.在微波频率2 450 MHz、微波功率700 W、微波辐射时间3 min、pH值为3、铬与H2O2的摩尔浓度比为1:56.8的实验条件下,降解1 000 mg·L-1的甲基橙溶液,其脱色率和COD去除率分别达到88%和85%.     

水果表面农药污染的可见／近红外光谱识别法

以表面经过喷施不同浓度农药后的脐橙为研究对象,采用可见／近红外漫反射光谱技术定性检测脐橙农药污染的程度。采集脐橙350～1800nm范围的光谱。应用多元散射校正（MSC）,标准正态变量（SNV）变换,一阶微分和二阶微分四种不同预处理方法,分别在430～1000nm、10001800nm和430～1800nm三个光谱范围内建立识别脐橙污染程度的偏最小二乘法（PLS）数学模型。比较分析得出试验结果：波谱范围取430～1000nm,采用一阶微分的预处理方法时应用PLS校正方法的结果最优,其预测值和真实值之间的相关系数和预测均方根误差分别为0．9830和0．1482。研究结果袁明。可见／近红外漫反射光谱技术可以定性检测脐橙的农药污染程度。     

浊点萃取-高效液相色谱法测定草莓汁中的多种农药残留

建立了浊点萃取(CPE)对草莓汁中的7种农药(克百威、异丙威、甲霜灵、杀扑磷、敌草隆、烯酰吗啉和苯噻酰草胺)进行萃取富集,然后用高效液相色谱-紫外检测器进行检测分析的方法。所用的表面活性剂为非离子表面活性剂聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐单月桂酸酯(Tween-20),该表面活性剂在一定条件下能够对分析物进行提取与富集。实验确定了CPE方法的优化条件:Tween-20的浓度为3%(V/V)、硫酸钠和正丁醇的浓度分别为12%(W/V)和5%(V/V)、平衡温度为50℃以及平衡时间为40min;色谱条件:流动相为V(甲醇)∶V(水)=70∶30,流速为0.6mL/min,检测波长为215nm。在上述实验条件下,在草莓汁样品的平均加标回收率为80.5%～92.8%,检出限是0.9～2.1μg/kg。     

SPE-HPLC法同时测定浓缩苹果汁中四螨嗪等4种农药的残留量

建立固相萃取-反相高效液相色谱-双波长检测法同时测定浓缩苹果汁中除虫脲、灭幼脲、烯唑醇、四螨嗪4种农药的残留量。浓缩苹果汁样品用35%的乙醇稀释,ENVITM-18固相萃取柱浓缩净化,乙醇洗脱,分析时用C18色谱柱分离,以V(乙腈)∶V(水)=70∶30为流动相,选择250 nm和270 nm双波长检测。该方法在0.02~5 mg/L范围内4种农药的线性关系良好(r≥0.9999),最低检出限均为0.002 mg/kg(S/N=5),加标回收率为85.8%~108.5%,相对标准偏差1.8%~4.7%。     

掺杂WO3的SiO2/TiO2的溶胶热液合成及光催化性能

采用溶胶-热液合成法制备了掺杂WO₃的SiO₂/TiO₂复合光催化剂,用X射线衍射、红外光谱、Zeta电位分析、BET和透射电镜对样品进行了表征,并以甲基橙降解评价了其光催化性能.结果表明:改性后的光催化剂表现出较高的光催化性能,WO₃和SiO₂不仅增加了锐钛矿TiO₂的稳定性,并阻止了TiO₂晶粒的聚集生长.     

Effects of Saignée and Bentonite Treatment on Phenolic Compounds of Marquette Red Wines

To improve the phenolic extraction and color stability of red wine made from cold-hardy grapes, two winemaking practices, saignée and bentonite, were applied separately and in combination on Marquette grapes at crushing. The effects of these winemaking strategies on Marquette wine’s basic chemical properties, monomeric and polymeric phenolic compounds were studied, as well as the development of color characteristics from crushing to 5 months of aging. The saignée (9% juice run-off) treatment showed little impact on the phenolic content of the finished wine, but showed an increase in color intensity. A hue shift towards an orange-yellow tone was observed in the bentonite-treated wines, which was associated with a loss of monomeric anthocyanins. The combination of saignée and bentonite showed less impact on removing anthocyanins and wine color, and increased phenolics content, therefore improving the extraction of non-anthocyanins monomeric phenolics. Although this combination treatment led to the highest concentration of tannin content after pressing, this difference between the control and other treatments disappeared over time. These results suggested that the interactions between tannins and other wine compounds still occur after removing proteins in Marquette wines.     

混合型铈镍氧化物催化剂的光降解

采用不同顺序的混合法制备了3种铈镍氧化物催化剂,利用 XRD、IR、TEM等技术对其热稳定性、粒径以及表面形貌进行分析.考察了制备方法、反应光照时间、催化剂用量以及超声波震荡处理对光催化降解甲基橙效率的影响.结果表明:不同的混合手段制备出的催化剂光催化效果却大不相同,其中采用机械混合法制备的催化剂活性最好.本文还对铈镍氧化物间的协同作用进行了初步的探讨.     

吖啶黄反应光度法测定脱氧核糖核酸含量的研究

以微量脱氧核糖核酸与吖啶黄的反应为基础,优化了实验条件。基于DNA与吖啶黄最大吸收波长444nm的吸光度有线性降低的关系,建立了测定微量DNA的新方法。在0～8.0μg.mL-1浓度呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数r为0.9998,检出限为0.12μg.mL-1。初步探讨了反应机理,认为DNA与吖啶黄通过嵌入作用生成了加合物。     

Phenolic Compounds Recovery from Blood Orange Peels Using a Novel Green Infrared Technology Ired-Irrad®, and Their Effect on the Inhibition of Aspergillus flavus Proliferation and Aflatoxin B1 Production

The intensification of total phenolic compound (TPC) extraction from blood orange peels was optimized using a novel green infrared-assisted extraction technique (IRAE, Ired-Irrad^®) and compared to the conventional extraction using a water bath (WB). Response surface methodology (RSM) allowed for the optimization of ethanol concentration (E), time (t), and temperature (T) in terms of extracted TPC and their antiradical activity, for both WB extraction and IRAE. Using WB extraction, the multiple response optimums as obtained after 4 h at 73 °C and using 79% ethanol/water were 1.67 g GAE/100 g for TPC and 59% as DPPH inhibition percentage. IRAE increased the extraction of TPC by 18% using 52% ethanol/water after less than 1 h at 79 °C. This novel technology has the advantage of being easily scalable for industrial usage. HPLC analysis showed that IRAE enhanced the recovery of gallic acid, resveratrol, quercetin, caffeic acid, and hesperidin. IR extracts exhibited high bioactivity by inhibiting the production of Aflatoxin B1 by 98.9%.