壳聚糖对酸性艳橙GS的吸附平衡与动力学研究

研究了壳聚糖(CS)对水溶液中的酸性艳橙GS(ABO)染料的吸附性能,考察了温度、pH值、壳聚糖分子量对吸附性能的影响.不同温度下的动力学数据分别采用拟一级、拟二级、内扩散方程进行关联;不同温度下壳聚糖对酸性艳橙GS的吸附平衡数据分别用1angmuir、Freundlich、Tempkin模型拟合.结果表明:该吸附过程...     

Ultra Sensitive Quantification of Thiourea at Nanomolar Level by Catalytic‐Kinetic Differential Pulse Voltammetry

A new simple and highly selective and sensitive catalytic differential pulse voltammetry procedure for the determination of thiourea at nanomolar level is reported. Thiourea has a catalytic effect on the oxidation of Janus green by iodate in the hydrochloric acid medium. The potential was scanned in the negative direction and the differential pulse voltammograms were recorded. The variations of the peak current with hydrochloric acid concentration, oxidant, Janus green, pulse amplitude, pulse time and scan rate were optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the relationship between the peak current and concentration of thiourea was obtained. It is shown that the calibration curve is linear in the range of 0.01–6.00 µg/mL. The detection limit of the method was 0.005 µg/mL. The relative standard deviation for 6 replicate determinations of 0.01, 0.50 and 2.00 µg/mL is equal to 2.25%, 1.52% and 1.03%, respectively. The method was applied to the determination of thiourea in fruit juices with satisfactory results.     

Determination of organic acid impurities in lactic acid obtained by fermentation of sugarcane juice

Lactic acid produced by fermentation process mostly contains a number of aliphatic carboxylic acids as impurities. In this work, carboxylic acid impurities in lactic acid samples from a number of sources were determined at ppm levels. A simple HPLC method was developed that utilized a new generation polar embedded reverse phase, 20mM phosphate buffer at pH 2.20 (±0.05) and UV detection at 210 nm. The method enabled quantitative analysis of the above acids in lactic acid matrix. The experimental conditions for column temperature, mobile phase pH and flow rate were optimized. A detailed validation of the method was performed for linearity, precision, accuracy, selectivity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), ruggedness and repeatability and reproducibility (R&R).     

原位构筑溴氧化铋/聚吡咯复合材料用于光催化降解阴离子染料

采用光化学反应法在稀酸条件下制备出薄片状溴氧化铋（BiOBr）,将其分散于含有过硫酸铵和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵的水溶液中,通过吡咯的一步聚合反应原位制备出聚吡咯（PPy）修饰的BiOBr复合材料（BiOBr/PPy）。通过扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射、拉曼光谱、X射线光电子能谱、紫外可见光谱及荧光光谱等综合表征技术对样品的晶体结构、形貌特征和光电特性等进行测试。结果显示,PPy成功修饰到BiOBr薄片上,BiOBr与PPy接触紧密且相互作用强。与纯BiOBr相比,BiOBr/PPy复合材料具有更强的可见光吸收效率和增强的光催化降解甲基橙（MO）染料活性。通过优化PPy和BiOBr的组合比例,当BiOBr质量分数约为7%时,BiOBr/PPy-2在50 min内对MO （30 mg·L^-1）的降解率为87.3%;另外,循环光催化活性虽有降低但仍高于纯BiOBr和纯PPy （10.4%）。这表明BiOBr与PPy之间较强的相互作用和良好的界面结合可以有效地促进光生电子与空穴的分离效率。反应体系中分离的光生空穴、衍生自由基在染料氧化降解中发挥了重要作用。     

溴化十六烷基三甲基铵增敏光度法测定定影废液中的银

在pH=6.86时,Ag+与二甲酚橙(XO)、表面活性剂溴化十六烷基三甲基铵(CTMAB)发生显色反应,Ag+-XO-CTMAB三元配合物的最大吸收波长为594nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为2.08×106L/(mol·cm),Ag+含量在0.0～50.0μg/(25mL)内服从比耳定律。将该法用于定影废液中微量Ag+的测定,回收率为96.7%～100.8%。     

Determination of bile acids and lysolecithin in artificial and natural gastric juice by HPLC for characterization of antacida

Work-up procedures and HPLC separation systems for determination of taurocholic, glycocholic, chenodeoxycholic, and cholic acids and lysolecithin in artificial and natural gastric juice are described. These compounds are used for testing the binding capacity of antacida to the individual analytes. Work-up is simple, no extraction or filtration being required. The optimized combinations of stationary and mobile phases allow selective and sensitive determination of the respective bile acids in gastric juice. For optimization, the capacity factors of two related bile acids were evaluated for numerous commercial stationary phases. The mechanism of retention is different for free and conjugated bile acids. Special aspects of routine analysis are discussed.     

纳米结构锌及锌氧化物薄膜对甲基橙的降解作用研

采用磁控溅射方法制备了纳米金属锌薄膜,结合后续的空气退火处理制备了纳米锌氧化物薄膜. 金属锌薄膜对甲基橙的还原降解以及锌氧化物薄膜对甲基橙的光催化降解过程都可以用一级反应动力学方程来描述. 甲基橙溶液在金属锌膜的还原降解下具有最快的褪色速率,但矿化不完全：在紫外光波段出现的额外吸收峰表明生成了芳香族中间产物. 完全氧化的氧化锌薄膜对甲基橙的光催化降解速率仅为金属锌膜还原降解速率的1/4左右,没有出现芳香族中间产物. 另外实验发现部分氧化的锌氧化物薄膜对甲基橙的光催化降解速率明显高于完全氧化的氧化锌薄膜,光催化活性的提高可能由于部分氧化薄膜中同时存在的金属锌及氧化锌相之间的协同效应.     

Silver nanoparticles on amidoxime fibers for photo-catalytic degradation of organic dyes in waste water

Herein we report that a new photo-catalyst of silver nanoparticles attached on the surface of amidoxime fibers was developed and evaluated. The nanoparticles had different sizes from tens to hundreds of nanometers and varied shapes of cube, plate, and sphere; and there were coordination interactions between the nanoparticles and the amidoxime fibers. The developed photo-catalyst demonstrated high activities for degradation of an organic dye of methyl orange, particularly under sunlight; and the catalyst could be re-activated for several times by simple tetrahydrofuran treatment. The results also suggested that the silver nanoparticles initiated and/or mediated the photo-oxidation reaction of methyl orange through localized surface plasmon resonance under sunlight, and the photo-catalytic activities were primarily determined by sizes and/or surface-to-mass ratios instead of shapes of the silver nanoparticles.     

Hydrothermal synthesis of manganese oxide and nitrogen doped graphene (NG-MnO2) nanohybrid for visible light degradation of methyl orange dye

MnO₂ nanoparticles and its nanocomposite with nitrogen-doped graphene (NG) have been fabricated via simple hydrothermal synthesis procedure using water as a solvent. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the as-prepared samples was used to ascertain the phase purity and crystallite size. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed to study the surface features and particle size of the synthesised samples. The photocatalytic ability of the methyl orange (MO) dye with bare MnO₂ and its hybrid with nitrogen-doped graphene (NG-MnO₂) wer compared with visible light prompted degradation of the dye in absence of these catalysts. The prepared nanohybrid (NG-MnO₂) showed improved photocatalytic efficacy as compared to the pure MnO₂ nanoparticles. The strong ferromagnetic character of nanohybrid helps in easy separation of catalyst even with a bar magnet.     

Characterization of Mango Juice by High‐Resolution NMR,Hyphenated NMR,and Diffusion‐Ordered Spectroscopy

Abstract

The application of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, hyphenated NMR, and diffusion‐ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) to the characterization of mango juice, as an example of a complex food mixture, is described. The compositional changes taking place as a function of ripening were followed, and selected metabolites were quantified by integration of the corresponding NMR peaks. In this way, an overall view of the metabolite changes is obtained, enabling the study of the biochemical mechanisms involved in the ripening process. More than 50 compounds were identified by 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR, but many ambiguous assignments remain due to spectral overlap or insufficient coupling information. The use of Liquid Chromatography (LC‐NMR) and LC‐NMR/Mass Spectrometry (MS) enables a fuller characterization of the soluble pectin fraction to be made; its dependence on ripening stage is discussed. Finally, DOSY adds information on the M_r of many metabolites, including the pectin fractions of ripe and unripe mango juices, and enables further peak assignments to be made.