车辆轮对踏面缺陷的光电检测方法研究

铁路车辆轮对踏面的擦伤与剥离是车辆在运行过程中形成的一种常见的不规则表面缺陷,是轮对检修过程中必须检测的一个项目。提出了一种利用光电技术非接触测量此表面缺陷的方法。该方法在轮对旋转条件下,用精密激光位移传感器对踏面进行快速扫描,采集值经处理后被转换为数字图像,再通过图像处理识别是否存在表面缺陷。必要时通过对缺陷部位的往复扫描,更准确识别出擦伤与剥离是否超出段修限度。该方法可有效检测出踏面缺陷,重复性好,可满足车辆段修现场使用要求。     

10.6μm激光诱导扩散中热致破坏的抑制

在半导体激光诱导扩散实验中,用连续波CO2 10．6μm激光聚焦后照射基片表面。为实现局部区域的选择扩散,激光光斑半径仅数十微米。要使曝光区温度达到扩散实验要求,必须使曝光区功率密度很高。另一方面,Si、InP等半导体材料对10．6μm波长激光的吸收系数随温度的升高而增大,这导致实验时容易产生热致破坏,损伤基片。在分析热致破坏的产生机理后,提出了在聚焦激光束照射下,曝光区温度的数值计算方法。计算结果表明,在半导体基片初始温度为室温时,以恒定功率的激光束照射基片,曝光区温度不能稳定在扩散试验需要的温度范围。在此基础上,提出了预热基片及对曝光区温度进行实时控制等抑制热致破坏的方法,有效地克服了这一困难。这对于用激光微细加工制作出高性能的单片光电集成电路(OEICs)器件有重要意义。     

Polysilanes. A New Route Toward High Performance EL Devices

The discovery of a remarkable class of plastics that can conduct electricity has opened a new era of plastics science and technology that has just been recognized by the award of the 2000 Nobel prize for chemistry. They can be used to make a wide range of electronic devices such as transistors, light-emitting diodes, solar cells and even lasers, through much simpler manufacture than conventional inorganic materials, increasing flexibility, reducing cost, and opening up new markets. Polysilanes are subject of an intensive research work aiming to various optoelectronic applications. Through this work the chemical structure of polydiphenylsilane was modified to obtain both solubility in common solvents and to induce new properties by attaching of various organic segments.     

Modulating opto-electronic and magnetic responses of Mo- and Zn-adsorbed LiNbO3 (1 1 1) surface for advanced energy harvesting applications: A comprehensive study

This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the optoelectronic and magnetic properties of Mo, Zn/LiNbO₃ (1 1 1) material. The primary objectives were to understand the potential for manipulating the material's magnetism and to elucidate the origin of spin-polarized states and magnetic moments, particularly with respect to the unpaired d orbitals of Nb, Mo, and Zn atoms. To achieve these objectives, we employed the Pardew–Burke–Ernzerhof (PBE) method within the Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA + U) framework. This computational approach allowed us to examine the optoelectronic and magnetic characteristics of the material in detail. Our research yielded several key findings that enhance our understanding of Mo, Zn/LiNbO₃ (1 1 1) material. We observed a modest improvement in the material's absorption capacity within the visible spectrum, accompanied by a discernible red-shift. Notably, our study involved the calculation of the dielectric function and refractive constant of the material, revealing a strong correlation between absorption trends and the dielectric constant. Furthermore, our investigation uncovered that Mo, Zn/LiNbO₃ (1 1 1) exhibits distinct conduction and valence bands, with p and d orbitals predominantly contributing to each, respectively. The energy gap of the material falls within a range of 0.30–1.04 eV. A particularly significant finding was the narrower band gap of Mo, Zn/LiNbO₃ (1 1 1) material, which can be attributed to the superposition of Mo-d and Zn-p orbit energy levels with O-p orbit energy levels, ultimately forming a covalent bond. Importantly, our research demonstrated the material's heightened optical absorption within the visible spectrum, suggesting its suitability for various photonic and optoelectronic applications. Additionally, we calculated a wide range of optical characteristics, including the dielectric function, absorption coefficient, energy loss, reflectivity, refractive index, extinction coefficient, and optical conductivity, providing a comprehensive assessment of the material's optical properties.     

机动平台光电跟踪系统的自抗扰控制研究

针对机动平台光电跟踪系统跟踪目标需具备较强动态抗扰能力的问题,提出了一种将包含了非线性跟踪微分器、扩张状态观测器、非线性状态误差反馈三个环节的结构完整的自抗扰控制器用于光电跟踪伺服系统的速度环的思路。针对某单轴稳定转台设计了二阶自抗扰控制器,并进行了仿真研究。结果表明,该控制器对外扰变化及系统模型不确定性具有良好的鲁棒性和适应性,且能有效抑制系统中存在的非线性因素的影响。     

Design and Performances of a Carbon Monoxide Sensor Using Mid-Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy Technique at 4.6 µm

Based on infrared absorption spectroscopy technique, a carbon monoxide sensor was developed using the fundamental absorption band of carbon monoxide molecule at the wavelength around 4.6 µm. The developed sensor consists of pulse-modulated wideband incandescence, open ellipsoid light-collector gas-cell, dual-channel detector, and control and signal-processing module. With the prepared standard carbon monoxide gas sample, sensing characteristics on carbon monoxide were investigated using the sensor. Experimental results reveal that the limit of detection is about 10 ppm, the relative error at the limit of detection point is less than 14%, and that is less than 7.8% within the low concentration range of 20～180 ppm. The maximum absolute errors of 50 min long-term measurement on the 0 and 14 ppm CO gas samples are about 3 and 3.17 ppm, respectively, and the standard deviations are as small as 0.18 and 1.25 ppm, respectively. Compared with the reported carbon monoxide detection systems utilizing quantum cascaded lasers and distributed feedback lasers, the proposed sensor shows potential applications in carbon monoxide detection under the circumstances of coal-mine and environmental protection, by virtue of high performance, low cost, simple optical structure, and so on.     

Intersubband transitions in Al0.82In0.18N/GaN single quantum well

The influence of the width of a lattice-matched Al_0.82In_0.18N/GaN single quantum well (SQW) on the absorption coefficients and wavelength of the intersubband transition (ISBT) has been investigated by solving the Schrödinger and Poisson equations self-consistently. The wavelength of 1—2 ISBT increases with L, the thickness of the single quantum well, ranging from 2.88 μm to 3.59 μm. The absorption coefficients of 1—2 ISBT increase with L at first and then decrease with L, with a maximum when L is equal to 2.6 nm. The wavelength of 1—3 ISBT decreases with L at first and then increases with L, with a minimum when L is equal to 4 nm, ranging from approximately 2.03 μm to near 2.11 μm. The absorption coefficients of 1—3 ISBT decrease with L. The results indicate that mid-infrared can be realized by the Al_0.82In_0.18N/GaN SQW. In addition, the wavelength and absorption coefficients of ISBT can be adjusted by changing the width of the SQW.     

Optoelectronic Thresholder for Pattern Recognition with Double Feedback Module

The present paper proposes a modification of a simple optoelectronic architecture (A. Bergeron et al.: Appl. Opt. 33 (1994) 1463) for carrying out optical thresholding operations. The threshold operation is achieved by means of a feedback loop. The setup is modified by inserting an attenuator adapted in each iteration to the total incident energy measured by an intensity detector. The proposed architecture does not need an additional light source, assures translation invariance and does not break the beam propagation path. The adaptive attenuator permits working under different lighting conditions (illumination, partially occluded objects, etc.). This kind of architecture is suitable for an optical pattern recognition task, optical neural network or optical associative memory. Application of the modified thresholder to the recognition task based on an optical correlator is reported.     

Optoelectronic Butterfly Interconnection Implementation of an n-bit Parallel Full Addition and Subtraction

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显示技术发展水平及趋势

叙述了目前显示技术的核心——显示器件的发展现状和分类,对各种显示器件的市场情况进行了分析和预测,并对部分有影响的显示器件性能进行了比较,提出平板显示是今后显示技术发展的重点。