振动摩擦机理及其非线性动力学特性

本文揭示了振动工况下散体物料的振动摩擦机理,给出了振动参数与土壤内摩擦力的关系曲线,并用数值试验方法模拟了复杂的振动摩擦压实过程,分别给出了振频和振幅对土壤孔隙比和轴向应力均值的关系曲线,验证了振动压实减摩机理的正确性.结果表明:松散物料在振动工况下,其颗粒间的摩擦力由静摩擦力转变为动摩擦力,随着振频和振幅的增加,摩擦阻力减小,从而土的内摩擦力减小,并且存在最优的振动强度使土壤在振动压实过程中的内摩擦力最小.建立了基于振动压路机的振动摩擦系统非线性动力学模型,利用渐进法得到了振动压实过程的共振响应和非共振响应.     

Scattering by inhomogeneous particles: microwave analog experiments and comparison to effective medium theories

It is common practice to use effective medium theories (EMT) to estimate average, “effective” optical constants of inhomogeneous materials. A variety of EMTs were developed for different internal structures of the medium and for a variety of shapes, size distributions and physical properties of the inhomogeneities. The most popular EMTs (Maxwell Garnett, Bruggeman, Looyenga, etc.) consider inhomogeneities that are much smaller than the wavelength. The so-called extended EMTs were developed to find effective optical constants in the case of inhomogeneities comparable and slightly larger than the wavelength. This paper compares angular distribution and wavelength dependence of intensity and polarization of scattered light obtained from calculations using the most popular EMTs and extended EMTs with the results of microwave analog measurements at the microwave facilities of the University of Florida. We simulated the light scattering by organic grains with silicate inclusions of size parameter x=0.075 (≈0.01 μm), 0.60 (≈0.1 μm), and 1.24 (≈0.2 μm). The conclusion is that for inclusions of a small size and for a small volume fraction of them in the mixture all EMTs yield similar results and show reasonable agreement with experimental results. The accuracy is better for the angular dependencies of the intensity and of the polarization of the scattered light than for their wavelength dependencies. For inhomogeneities comparable and larger than the wavelength extended EMTs work better but for smaller inclusions non-extended EMTs show more accurate results. Large volume fractions of the inclusions in the mixture (>10%) essentially reduce the accuracy of the results obtained with EMTs. Based on our study we do not recommend to use EMTs in the back-scattering domain and at the scattering angles 30°<θ<70°.     

裂隙岩体注浆模拟实验研究

通过单一裂隙岩体和裂隙网络岩体注浆渗流模拟实验,分析和总结了裂隙岩体注浆渗流中的一般规律,并讨论了影响注浆渗流工程的各种因素。     

重视物理实验教学中的创新能力培养和科学素质教育

通过分析物理学的教育功能和文化价值 ,阐述了物理实验教学中加强学生能力培养和科学素质教育的优势和做法。     

超声场分布的演示实验

介绍了利用超声在液体介质中传播,使质点产生强烈振动而引起交变压力的原理,用微型探头测量,以演示超声场在平面辐射、聚焦系统下焦平面和焦点以内的横截面上的声场分布,使学生更深入地了解超声不皮传播的物理规律。     

浅谈成人教育物理实验课操作性考试的科学实施

研究在自学考试中设立物理实验课操作性考试的目的 ,报告考试的设计、组织实施的情况 ,总结经验。     

Davidson类方法本质的研究及一个新算法

本文利用有关矩阵扰动理论,从分析Davidson类方法中子空间的扩充向量入手,对Davidson方法的本质作了较为深入的研究,分析结果较为合理地解释了有关文献中的一些数值试验现象,本文利用文献[2]所提出的精化策略对D avidson类方法进行改造,得到了一个新的算法。数值试验表明,新算法是非常有效的,同时也验证了本文对Davidson类方法的本质的研究结论。     

Substituent effect on the cationic ring‐opening polymerization of acyloxymethyl five‐member cyclic dithiocarbonates

Five‐member cyclic dithiocarbonates were synthesized by the reactions of carbon disulfide with benzoic, p‐anisic, p‐chlorobenzoic, 1‐naphthalenecarboxylic, p‐nitrobenzoic, and p‐(tert‐butyl)benzoic glycidyl esters, and their cationic ring‐opening polymerizations were carried out with methyl trifluoromethane sulfonate and trifluoromethane sulfonic acid as initiators at room temperature to 80 °C. Polymers with number‐average molecular weights of 3400–24,900 were obtained in high yields, and their structures were estimated by NMR and IR spectroscopy. The monomers showed a clear difference in the polymerization rate according to the substituents. The rate of polymerization decreased in the order of p‐chlorobenzoic ≥ benzoic > 1‐naphthalenecarboxylic > p‐nitro‐benzoic > p‐tert‐butylbenzoic > p‐anisic. The data of the reaction kinetics, NMR studies, and molecular orbital calculations proved a plausible mechanism involving the participation of p‐substituted benzoyloxymethyl groups to stabilize the cationic propagating end. The polymers showed decomposition temperatures with 5% weight loss ranging from 200 to 260 °C. No glass‐transition temperatures for the polymers were observed below 200 °C by differential scanning calorimetry. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 39: 3967–3980, 2001     

Synthesis and Reactions of 4-Oxiranylmethylfuro[3,2-b]pyrroles and Their Benzo Derivatives

Methyl 4-oxiranylmethyl-4H-furo[3,2-b]pyrrole-5-carboxylates 2a-c and methyl 1-oxiranylmethyl-1H-benzo[4,5]furo[3,2-b]pyrrole-2-carboxylate (2d) were prepared by reaction of the appropriate starting compounds 1a-d with excess chloromethyloxirane. The compounds 2a-d undergo oxirane ring opening by heterocyclic amines (morpholine, pyrrolidine, piperidine or 4-methylpiperazine) giving N-2-hydroxy-3-heteroaminopropyl-substituted compounds 3a-f or substituted 4,5-dihydrofuro[2',3':4,5]pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]oxazin-8-ones 4a-e.     

膨胀聚合反应研究的进展

着重介绍膨胀聚合反应的类型和机理,讨论膨胀聚合反应研究中在的问题及今后的研究方向。