甲醛监测方法及仪器

介绍了甲醛检测方法的新进展和常用的仪器,指出发展灵敏度高、选择性好、能够实现现场分析或长期稳定地实时在线监测的新方法和新仪器仍然是空气中甲醛监测研究的一个重要方向。     

一种控制矩形光刻胶光栅槽深和占宽比的方法

利用光刻胶的非线性效应可以制作出了矩形的全息光栅。制作矩形光栅时,对槽形的控制被简化为对槽深和占宽比这两个参量的控制。首先借助实时潜像监测技术获得最佳曝光量,然后根据显影监测曲线的特征找出光栅槽底的残胶厚度为零的显影时刻,就能得到槽底干净的矩形光栅,同时保证槽深近似等于光刻胶的初始厚度;如果此后继续显影,就能适度减小占宽比。实验结果和理论分析都证实了这种控制方法的可靠性。对1200lp／mm的光栅,目前工艺能精确调控的最大槽深为1μm,占宽比在0．2～0．6范围内。实验还揭示,为了提高对光栅槽形的调控能力,必须首先提高干涉条纹的稳定性。     

基于光纤应力传感的山体滑坡监测系统研究

介绍了一种基于光纤应力传感的山体滑坡预警监测系统。阐述了分布式光纤应力传感原理与滑坡体内应力监测方法,设计了应力测量范围0-15Mpa,空间分辨率2m,测量距离1km的山体滑坡监测系统,并实验验证了监测方法的可行性。     

毛发中海洛因代谢物的释放与分析方法研究

通过对海洛因吸食者毛发和空白添加标准品毛发的碱消解、酸消解、甲醇超声提取、甲醇-5 mol/L HCl超声提取、甲醇-三氟乙酸超声提取5种毛发中毒品及其代谢物的释放方法考察,确立了甲醇超声提取-液液萃取-气相色谱/质谱-选择离子检测的方法.本方法可最大程度地抑制海洛因的中间代谢物6-单乙酰吗啡的水解,其水解率仅为2.63%,极大地提高了海洛因滥用的毛发证据作用.利用本方法对添加6-单乙酰吗啡的毛发进行萃取和检测,6-单乙酰吗啡的回收率为52.6%,相对标准偏差RSD为4.6% ;对添加不同浓度的吗啡、可待因、6-单乙酰吗啡3种毒品的毛发进行萃取和检测,其线性良好(r＞0.99),相对标准偏差均小于15%.此外,考察了甲醇消解的影响因素,吸毒者毛发中的毒品释放效果随毛发的细碎程度和超声时间延长而提高.     

Rapid tool for assessment of C13 norisoprenoids in wines

Two novel methodologies for quantification of C₁₃ norisoprenoids in wines were developed. The first methodology, method A (reference method) was based on the headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–quadrupole mass spectrometry operating in selected ion monitoring mode (HS-SPME–GC–qMS–SIM). This methodology allowed to select the GC conditions for an adequate chromatographic resolution of wine components. The second methodology, method B (rapid method) was based on the HS-SPME–GC–qMS–SIM, using GC conditions that allowed to obtain a C₁₃ norisoprenoid volatile signature. In the later, the GC capillary column of 30 m at 220 °C was used acting as a transfer line of the components sorbed by the SPME coating fibre to the mass spectrometer, which acts as a sensor for m/z fragments 142 and 192. It does not require any pre-treatment of the sample, and the C₁₃ norisoprenoid composition of the wine was evaluated based on the chromatographic profile and specific m/z fragments, without complete chromatographic separation of its components. For quantification purposes, external calibration curves were constructed with β-ionone chemical standard. Calibration curves with regression coefficient (r²) of 0.9940 and 0.9968, RSD of 1.08% and 12.51%, and detection limits of 1.10 and 1.57 μg L⁻¹ were obtained for methods A and B, respectively. These methodologies were applied to seventeen white and red table wines. Two vitispirane isomers (158–1529 μg L⁻¹) and 1,1,6-trimethyl-1,2-dihydronaphthalene (TDN) (6.42–39.45 μg L⁻¹) were quantified. The data obtained for vitispirane isomers and TDN using the two methods were highly correlated (r² of 0.9756 and 0.9630, respectively). Associated to the fast and robust character of the proposed rapid method B and considering the extraction time, it is important to focus its selectivity and potential applicability if specific m/z fragments would be established for new analytes.     

Predictive control and verification of conversion kinetics and polymer molecular weight in semi-batch free radical homopolymer reactions

Polymer molar mass distributions critically affect macroscopic characteristics and performance of polymeric materials. While multi-detector methods coupled to size exclusion chromatography (SEC) are widely used to measure endproduct mass distributions, less progress has been made in simultaneously controlling and verifying the evolution of these distributions during synthesis. This work focuses on quantitative predictions and online verification of conversion kinetics and of molecular weight during free radical homopolymerization of acrylamide, where reagents were fed into the reactor during the reaction. The central task is to establish and experimentally test a formalism combining free radical polymerization kinetics with time dependent processes related to flows of material into and out of the reactor. Monomer feed experiments were performed that alternately hold molecular weight constant and ramp the weight up, in contrast to batch reactions, where molecular weight decreases. Three types of initiator feed ‘tapers’ were also used to produce predictable conversion kinetics and mass distributions: (i) constant initiator feed, (ii) linearly stepped feed to produce Gaussian conversion kinetics, and (iii) booster shots to produce multi-modal masses. Automatic Continuous Online Monitoring of Polymerization reactions (ACOMP) was used to follow the conversion and evolution of the average mass distribution, and multi-detector SEC was used to cross-check results and measure full distributions of endproducts. In general, there was good agreement between the predictions and results. In future work this approach can be used as an Ansatz for reaction trajectory prediction, and the online monitoring signals exploited to make feedback controlled corrections to the reagent flows and other reaction conditions.     

Ion chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for simultaneous confirmation and determination of indandione rodenticides in serum

This paper describes a simple method for the simultaneous determination and confirmation of the indandione rodenticides in serum. After samples were extracted with 10% (v/v) methanol in acetonitrile and cleaned by solid‐phase extraction, chromatographic separation was performed on an IonPac® AS11 analytical column (250 × 4.0 mm) using gradient KOH eluent with 10% (v/v) methanol as organic modifier. Confirmation was depended on the extensive fragmentation of the indandione molecule under MS/MS conditions which provides sufficient structural information. Quantification was performed by negative electrospray ionization in multiple reaction monitoring mode. All the method parameters were validated. It was confirmed that this method could be used in clinical diagnosis and forensic toxicology. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测花生中的黄曲霉毒素B_1

应用高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联四极杆质谱联用系统(HPLC-MS/MS),在多反应离子检测方式(MRM)下,对花生中的黄曲霉毒素B1进行检测.对花生中黄曲霉毒素B1的提取、净化、液相分离及串联质谱等相关检测参数进行了优化研究.用V(甲醇):V(水)=6:4提取,OASIS HLB SPE小柱净化,定容过滤.采用V(甲醇):V(水)(含体积分数0.1%甲酸)=7:3为流动相,前级离子313.0,二级离子241.1、269.1,ESI正离子方式检测,在3.3 min出峰.结果表明,在ESI正离子模式下,黄曲霉毒素B1在其线性定量范围0.1～50μg/kg内,相关系数达到0.9999,检出限为0.03μg/kg,最低定量限为0.1μg/kg.低、中、高浓度添加回收率范围为93%～105%.     

A comparative study of CuO/TiO_2-SnO_2,Cut/Tit_2 and CuO/SnO_2 catalysts for low-temperature CO oxidation

Nanometer SnO2 particles were synthesized by sol-gel dialytic processes and used as a support to prepare CuO supported catalysts via a deposition-precipitation method. The samples were characterized by means of TG-DTA, XRD, H2-TPR and XPS. The catalytic activity of the CuO/TiO2-SnO2 catalysts was markedly depended on the loading of CuO, and the optimum CuO loading was 8 wt.% (T100 = 80 ◦C). The CuO/TiO2-SnO2 catalysts exhibited much higher catalytic activity than the CuO/TiO2 and CuO/SnO2 catalysts. H2-TPR result indicated that a large amount of CuO formed the active site for CO oxidation in 8 wt.% CuO/TiO2-SnO2 catalyst.     

MOOC环境下生物化学微课程的设计

尝试了在生物化学教学过程中应用MOOC协同教学模式进行教学重构,并以脂肪分解代谢一节为例着重详述慕课核心——微课程的设计过程,这种新颖的教学模式能显著提高学生的学习兴趣,也为研究者参与 MOOC 环境教学提供参考。