基于共聚焦拉曼光谱技术的油菜菌核病早期判别分析

油菜菌核病是一种真菌性病害,可造成油菜产量严重减少,而快速准确地进行病原物的早期侵染对于植物病害防治意义重大。采用共聚焦拉曼光谱(500～2 000 cm-1波数范围内)技术结合化学计量学方法对油菜菌核病早期侵染进行判别分析。采用共聚焦拉曼光谱仪采集健康和接种12 h核盘菌的油菜叶片表面拉曼光谱,应用小波变换(wavelet transform,WT)进行拉曼光谱预处理以去除荧光背景。并利用基于全谱范围的偏最小二乘判别分析(partial least squares-discriminant analysis,PLS-DA)的回归系数(regression coefficient,RC)进行特征峰的识别,选出983,1 001,1 205,1 521,1 527,1 658,1 670和1 758 cm-1共八个特征峰用于建立PLS-DA模型进行油菜菌核病的早期侵染判别,其识别准确率为100%。结果表明：拉曼光谱技术结合化学计量学方法能够实现油菜叶片中菌核病早期侵染的检测,这为后续探究核盘菌与油菜叶片互作过程以及为进一步的病害早期监测和预防提供理论参考。     

Extractionless GC/MS analysis of gamma-hydroxybutyrate and gamma-butyrolactone with trifluoroacetic anhydride and heptafluoro-1-butanol from aqueous samples

gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is a DEA Schedule I drug of abuse commonly spiked into beverages to incapacitate victims of sexual assault. GHB is a challenging drug for analysis by GC/MS because of its small size, charged nature, low volatility, and intramolecular esterification leading to gamma-butyrolactone (GBL). In this work an extractionless technique has been developed that allows for the use of an aqueous sample for direct derivatization. The technique uses a solution of trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA) and 2,2,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluoro-1-butanol (HFB) to derivatize the active hydrogens of GHB. The conversion of GBL into GHB can be forced under alkaline conditions by diluting the sample in 10 mM borate buffer, pH 12. GBL found in beverages intended for human consumption is treated as a Schedule I control substance analogue. Spikes of the two compounds into several beverage matrices gave quantitative recovery of GHB by GC/MS. The derivatization produces higher molecular mass products whose fragmentation pattern provides multiple peaks for confirmation and quantification. The concentration of GBL can also be indirectly determined by the method developed. Therefore, this extractionless technique is rapid, sensitive, and selective for the confirmation of the presence of GHB and GBL in commercial beverages.     

水溶液聚合法制备复鞣加脂剂

菜油与乙二胺在110℃反应3.0h-3.5h后再与马来酸酐在90℃反应2.5h-3.0h合成亲油单体。亲油单体与丙烯酸在pH值8－9水溶液中聚合，得到复鞣加脂剂。     

光谱重构油菜叶绿素含量快速检测方法及设备研制

为了实现油菜叶片中叶绿素含量的快速无损检测,开发了手持式多光谱成像系统用于采集油菜叶片在460,520,660,740,840和940 nm 六个波段的光谱图像。将一台能够采集可见光/近红外（380～1 023 nm）512个波段光谱图像但是价格高昂且体积大的室内高光谱成像系统作为参考仪器,将手持式多光谱成像系统作为目标仪器后,采用伪逆法（pseudo-inverse method）求得高光谱成像系统和多光谱成像系统两台仪器之间的转换矩阵F,从而实现6个波段的多光谱图像向512个波段的高光谱图像的重构,提高了手持式设备的光谱分辨率。运用偏最小二乘回归算法（PLSR）建立了重构的光谱与油菜叶片的叶绿素含量之间的关系模型。结果表明,重构的可见光范围内的光谱反射率与叶绿素浓度之间具有很强的相关性,PLSR回归模型建模集的决定系数R2_c为0.82,建模集均方根误差RMESC为1.98,预测集的决定系数R2_p为0.78,预测集均方根误差RMESP为1.50,RPD为2.14。虽然应用本文开发的手持式成像系统结合PLSR模型实现油菜叶绿素含量快速无损预测的精度低于基于室内高光谱成像系统获得的高光谱图像建立的PLSR模型（R2_c,RMESC,R2_p,RMESP和RPD分别为0.90,1.41,0.82,1.36和2.37）,但是明显优于基于原始多光谱成像系统4个波段（460,520,660和740 nm）反射率建立的PLSR模型得到的结果（R2_c,RMESC,R2_p,RMESP和RPD分别为0.78,2.06,0.72,1.85和1.88）。表明光谱重构技术可提高多光谱成像预测油菜叶绿素含量的精度,并且与室内高光谱成像系统相比,开发的手持式设备具有体积小、成本低廉和操作简便等优点,可为田间油菜叶片的生理状态和养分检测及可视化表达提供技术支持。     

反相液相色谱-串联质谱法鉴定油菜蜂花粉中的蛋白质及活性肽

基于鸟枪法蛋白质组学分析方法,使用反相液相色谱-串联质谱（RPLC-MS/MS）系统分析油菜蜂花粉蛋白质的胰蛋白酶酶解产物,结合数据库检索,共鉴定到353条肽段。鉴定到的肽段所归属的蛋白质中有239个蛋白质可检索到其分子生物学功能,主要功能为结合活性、酶活性、运输活性、抑制活性等。根据血管紧张素转化酶（ACE）抑制肽活性与多肽构效之间的关系,从鉴定到的肽段中筛选并适当修饰后得到5条可能具有ACE抑制活性的肽段,化学合成肽段后进行了活性验证。结果表明5条肽段均具有良好的活性,其中肽段AELDIVLALF和LAVNLIPFP表现出较高的ACE抑制活性,半数抑制浓度（IC₅₀）分别为（10.65±0.50）μmol/L和（23.66±1.08）μmol/L。该方法速度快,成本低,大大缩短了鉴定周期,达到了高通量筛选生物活性肽的目的。     

Removal of copper(II) from aqueous solution with rape stalk modified by citric acid

In this paper, rape stalk was modified with citric acid (CA) to prepare copper ion biosorbent. The modified rape stalk (MRS) was characterized by Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR), zeta potential, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The effects of various parameters like initial Cu²⁺ concentration, contact time, initial pH, and temperature on adsorption capacity were studied. The adsorption capacity of MRS at 298 K was 69.84 mg/g, far higher than 18.24 mg/g for native rape stalk (NRS). The adsorption mechanism was also evaluated in terms of kinetics and thermodynamics. The adsorption equilibrium data was well described by the Langmuir isotherm model. The adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order rate kinetics. Thermodynamic study showed spontaneous and endothermic nature of the adsorption process. The ion exchange of the adsorption mechanism was affirmed. MRS could be a potentially low-cost and green adsorbent for removal of Cu²⁺ from aqueous solution.     

稀土对UV-B辐射伤害植物的影响Ⅰ. Ce(Ⅲ)对UV-B胁迫下油菜幼苗生长及光合作用影响

用水培法研究了Ce(Ⅲ)对紫外辐射(UV-B, 280～320 nm)胁迫下油菜幼苗生长与光合作用的影响. 实验表明, 在紫外辐射(T1/0.15 W·m-2和T2/0.35 W·m-2)胁迫下, 油菜幼苗生长受到严重抑制. 地上部茎(株)高、叶片数、叶面积、叶鲜(干)重、茎鲜(干)重等生长指标均低于对照植株13.2%～44.1%(T1), 21.4%～49.3%(T2); 地下部除根系活跃吸收面积降幅不明显外, 主根长、根体积、根鲜(干)重均低于对照14.1%～35.6%(T1), 20.3%～42.6%(T2). Ce处理油菜幼苗, 上述各项指标降幅均低于未用Ce处理植株(地上部, Ce+T1降低4.1%～23.6%, Ce+T2降低10.8%～28.4%; 地下部, Ce+T1降低5.2%～23.3%, Ce+T2降低 7.0%～27.8%). 表明Ce对紫外辐射伤害油菜幼苗有防护效应,且对低剂量UV-B伤害的防护效果更优. 光合参数测定显示, UV-B胁迫下植株Chl含量, Pn, En, Gs及WUE降低, Ci增高. Ce处理植物的5项参数降幅减小, 表明对光合作用的改善是Ce防护效应的生态生理学基础. 光合参数动态测定显示, Ce介导使油菜光致修复历程缩短(逼向CK的拐点前置), 或各时段变幅陡减.     

薯蓣皂素对油菜幼苗生长及内源IAA和GA含量的影响

油菜幼苗在二叶一心期经，0．5mg／L的薯蓣皂素喷施处理后，幼苗生长受到促进，苗高增加、叶片增大，用酶联免疫吸附技术(ELISA)检测叶片内源激素含量，结果表明，经适当浓度的薯蓣皂素处理，油菜叶片生长素(IAA)、赤霉素(GA)含量增加．薯蓣皂素处理可能通过提高油菜体内生长素和赤霉素的含量，进而促进油菜生长，     

浙江省滨海盐土及青紫泥上油菜锌肥效应及施用方法研究

土壤分析表明，浙江省土壤缺锌面积约占耕地面积的５０％左右，尤其是滨海盐土，土壤中的有效锌含量平均为０．８７×１０－６．本研究证明油菜施锌肥有一定的增产效果，其肥效与土壤有效锌含量和施锌方法有关，化学锌肥与有机肥料混合施用，可显著提高油菜施用锌肥的增产效果。     

Determination and study on residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil

A QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method for the determination of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry has been developed in this study. The residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil were determined with the developed method. The half-lives of benazolin-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 3.7–5.1 days and 14.3–26.3 days, respectively. The half-lives of quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 5.0-6.1 days and 0.3–9.7 days, respectively. The residue of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rapeseed and soil were below the detection limit (i.e., 0.5?mg?kg^?1, the maximum residue level of European Union for quizalofop-p-ethyl).