基于红外光谱吸收的煤矿瓦斯光纤传感网络

基于气体在其特征吸收波长下光的吸收随浓度变化的原理,通过对甲烷气体红外吸收光谱的分析,设计了一套检测甲烷气体浓度的多点光纤传感网络。该系统采用分布反馈式半导体激光器(DFB LD)作为光源,高灵敏度、低噪声的InGaAs PIN作为光电探测器,结合空分复用技术复用了16个甲烷气体传感器,采用滤波、前置放大等电路对微弱信号进行处理,经PCI数据采集卡采集各路信号后,再用软件编写程序对采集信号进行快速傅里叶变换等分析。研究表明,该网络各传感器的灵敏度均达到200 ppm(μｇ·mL-1),长时间的精确度和稳定性均可满足实际要求,单个传感器的响应时间小于2 s,系统巡检一周的时间小于32 s。通过理论分析得出,该系统各传感器可放置于离地面20公里以上的矿井中,且该系统可在多场合进行多点的实时检测。     

原子吸收硫化锌法间接测定半胱氨酸络合反应的机理研究

通过编程计算半胱氨酸和锌离子在不同pH条件下的各种存在形式,通过分析拟合分布图,研究了硫化锌法原子吸收间接测定半胱氨酸时的pH对原子吸收的影响及络合反应的机理。经对不同形态的半胱氨酸与金属锌离子的共存区域的各种离子的组合探讨,发现在最佳测定条件下的半胱氨酸是以负一价荷电形态的半胱氨酸基Cys-与Zn(OH)₂形成了可溶性络合离子_２Zn(OH)_２。结果表明,理论分析计算的结果与实验数据得到了很好的吻合。     

强非线性吸收下高斯光束Z-扫描衍射理论模型

 摘要：在同时考虑非线性折射和非线性吸收的情况下，借助光的衍射理论，研究了Z-扫描技术的衍射理论模型，分析了非线性折射和非线性吸收同时存在时Z-扫描曲线的形状特征和变化规律。数值计算表明，非线性吸收相移和非线性折射相移的比值是影响接收小孔输出光功率的重要因素。要想得到好的光限幅效果，应选取非线性相移比值远小于1或远大于2的非线性材料。     

HfO_2单层膜的吸收和激光损伤阈值测试

薄膜吸收是降低膜层激光损伤阈值的重要原因,为了研究薄膜吸收对激光损伤阈值的影响,对HfO2单层膜在1 064 nm处的吸收及其在不同波长激光辐照下的损伤阈值进行了测试和分析。研究结果表明:薄膜的激光损伤阈值由薄膜吸收平均值(决定于薄膜中缺陷的种类和数量)和吸收均匀性(决定于薄膜中缺陷的分布)共同决定;根据HfO2单层膜在1064 nm波长处的吸收值,不但可以定性判断薄膜在1 064 nm波长,而且还可以判断在其它波长激光辐照下的抗激光损伤能力。     

2.0μm附近模拟呼吸气体中~(13)CO_2/~(12)CO_2同位素丰度的高精度实时在线测量

采用可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱技术,结合一新型多通池搭建了一套模拟呼吸气体中CO_2同位素丰度的测量装置.气体的压强、温度和流速被很好地控制且均能保持长期的稳定性;采用三次多项式拟合光谱基线,对光谱进行归一化,很好地消除了功率变化对测量结果的影响;利用移窗-回归技术消除频率漂移对同位素丰度测量的影响.实验结果表明:移窗-回归法的引入不仅延长了系统的稳定时间,还提高了系统的测量精度;小波去噪的应用获得了比多光谱平均法高2倍的信噪比;系统的稳定时间为100 s;Kalman滤波后系统测量精度为0.067‰.     

基于波长扫描的差分吸收光纤煤矿瓦斯传感系统设计

以1 330 nm波段的超辐射发光二极管为光源,利用可调谐光纤法珀滤波器为滤光元件,设计了一套光纤煤矿瓦斯传感系统.该系统采用了参考测量方法和差分吸收技术:一路参考光被引出用以消除光源波动的影响;扫描光纤法珀滤波器获得信号光波长和参考光波长,在实现差分吸收测量的同时,避免了不同滤光元件性能差异和中心波长漂移的影响.实验结果表明,所设计的光纤煤矿瓦斯传感系统的最低可探测甲烷浓度为0.15%.     

Polarographic Determination of Cobalt and Nickel in Iron Meteorites

Abstract

Cobalt and nickel were determined in five iron meteorites by a polarographic method. The analyses gave good precision and are believed to be reliable. The nickel content ranged from 6.49% to 8.07%, and cobalt ranged from 0.40% to 0.49%. Atomic absorption measurements were made on the sample solutions for comparison.     

Triphenylamine derivatized phenylacetylene macrocycle with large two-photon absorption cross-section

A phenylacetylene macrocycle (PAM) derivative containing triphenylamine as the framework was synthesized in one-step Sonogashira coupling. The photophysical and electrochemical properties were investigated in details. This hexamer shows significant enhancement in two-photon absorption cross-section relative to reported PAM derivatives.     

Determination of Cadmium and Lead in Sea Water after Extraction Using Electrothermal Atomisation. Minimisation of Interferences from Co-Extracted Sea Salts

Abstract

Interferences from small amounts of sea salt in the determination of cadmium and lead were investigated. Test samples were made to mimic solutions obtained after extraction of sea water for trace metal analysis. Sea salt concentrations in the range 0–400 mg/l were investigated. Background absorption from this salt was high but easily minimised through the addition of nitric acid (2 % v/v). Sensitivity reductions due to the salt were considerable and varied from one graphite tube to the other. This problem was overcome by the addition of 1000 mg lanthanum per litre of sample. The positive effect of the lanthanum matrix modification is thought to be due to a change of the graphite tube surface.     

A simple zero length surface-modification approach for preparing novel bifunctional supports for co-immobilisation studies

A straightforward method of creating a bifunctional support possessing pre-defined ratios of amine and chloromethyl groups based upon a controlled conversion of standard Merrifield resin is presented. It avoids the extensive optimisation of reactant concentrations and reaction conditions required by existing methods. Furthermore, it avoids increases in the spacer/linker length that lead to detrimental reductions in the rigidity of the grafted layer. The method will allow for efficient, predictable and reproducible co-immobilisation of molecular species.