Application of a sequential extraction procedure to study the release of elements from municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash

The release of five elements (Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn) from a municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash (BA) under different extraction conditions has been investigated by performing the three-step sequential extraction procedure proposed by the Standards, Measurements and Testing Program of the European Union. A fourth step (strong acid attack) has been added in order to calculate the mass balance. The results of this study provide information on the potential mobility of the studied elements. Almost all of the Cr and part of the Mn are extracted with strong acid which indicates low potential mobility in the environment. Most of the Cu is extracted under oxidizing conditions. Pb and Zn are released under acidic condition, indicating the possibility of their mobilization by changes in pH. The reproducibility of the sequential extraction procedure is also discussed.     

蒙脱石-石墨-聚氯乙烯复合电极测定制药废水中苯酚

报道了当制药废水PH8．0时，用蒙脱石－石墨－聚氯乙烯复合电极可以直接测定苯酚的含量而不受水杨酸存在的干扰，苯酚浓度在1．0μg/mL-25.0μg/mL范围内峰电流与浓度有良好的线性关系，I＝1．262c-0.046，相关系数r=0.998，检出限为0．1μg/mL，用该方法测定模拟制药废水中苯酚，其平均回收率为101．7％。     

Cross-linking epoxide resins with hydrolysates of chrome-tanned leather waste

Differential scanning calorimetry was employed to investigate the reaction of diglycidyl ethers of bisphenol A (DGEBA) of mean molecular mass 348–480 Da, with collagen hydrolysate of chrome-tanned leather waste in a solvent-free environment. The reaction leads to biodegradable polymers that might facilitate recycling of plastic parts in products of the automotive and/or aeronautics industry provided with protective films on this basis. The reaction proceeds in a temperature interval of 205–220°C, at temperatures approx. 30–40°C below temperature of thermal degradation of collagen hydrolysate. The found value of reaction enthalpy, 519.19 J g⁻¹ (= 101.24 kJ mol⁻¹ of epoxide groups) corresponds with currently found enthalpy values of the reaction of oxirane ring with amino groups. Reaction heat depends on the composition of reaction mixture (or on mass fraction of diglycidyl ethers in the reaction mixture); proving the dependence of kinetic parameters of the reaction (Arrhenius pre-exponential factor A (min⁻¹) and activation energy E _a (kJ mol⁻¹)) did not succeed. Obtained values of kinetic parameters are on a level corresponding to the assumption that reaction kinetics is determined by diffusion.     

Highly sensitive catalytic determination of molybdenum

A novel, highly sensitive, selective, and simple kinetic method was developed for the determination of Mo(VI) based on its catalytic effect on the oxidation of 1-amino-2-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid (ANSA) with H₂O₂. The reaction was followed spectrophotometrically by tracing the oxidized product at 465 nm after 30 min of mixing the reagents. The optimum reaction conditions were: 10 mmol l⁻¹ ANSA, 50 mmol l⁻¹ H₂O₂, 100 mmol l⁻¹ acetate buffer of pH 5.0 ± 0.05 and at 40 °C. Addition of 200 μg ml⁻¹ diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) conferred high selectivity for the proposed method. Following the recommended procedure, Mo(VI) could be determined with a linear calibration graph up to 2.5 ng ml⁻¹ and a detection limit, based on the 3S_b-criterion, of 0.027 ng ml⁻¹. The unique sensitivity and selectivity of the implemented method allowed its direct application to the determination of Mo(VI) in natural and industrial waste water. The method was validated by comparison with the standard ETAAS method. Moreover, published catalytic-spectrophotometric methods for the determination of molybdenum were reviewed.     

6-甲氧基-2-丙酰基萘在醇溶剂中的溴化反应

室温下，6－甲氧基－2－丙酰基萘和1，3－二溴－5，5－二甲基海因的溴化反应在醇溶剂中，反应速度快、转化率高，生成5－溴－6－甲氧基－2－丙酰基萘的收率高（98．59％）。     

The optimization of silica gel synthesis from chemical bottle waste using response surface methodology

To reduce the amount of hazardous chemical bottle waste in the environment, we report the optimization research of silica extraction in chemical bottle waste into silica gel. Alkali fusion and sol–gel process were utilised to prepare silica gel effectively. The alkali fusion process was carried out by adding sodium hydroxide to produce sodium silicate. Afterwards, silica gel was prepared by the sol–gel method using hydrochloric acid. Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was applied to Optimisation factors the poptimiseactors affecting the silica recovery. The factors that optimised mass ratio, particle size, and temperature. The optimum recovery of silica gel was obtained by SiO₂: NaOH mass ratio of 1:3, the particle size of 63–74 µm, and a temperature of 800 °C. The purity of silica gel optimum is 63.74% characterised using X-ray fluorescence. The structure of silica gel is the appearance of amorphous peaks at 2θ 20-30° characterised using an x-ray diffractogram. The silica gel surface was characterises using scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive x-ray. It showed an irregular surface and characteristic showed that silica gel had a radius of 15.74 nm and a specific surface area of 297.08 m².     

碳碳相关谱测定泽泻萜醇F的结构

从泽泻中分离出新化合物泽泻萜醇F，采用二维核磁共振碳相关技术研究了该化合物的骨架结构。结合碳碳相关谱及远程碳氢相关谱等其它二维核磁共振技术，分析了该化合物的常规氢谱和碳谱，并准确归属了质子和碳核的化学位移。     

Treatment of dairy wastewater using a selected bacterial isolate, Alcaligenes sp. MMRR7

Physicochemical and biologic analysis of dairy wastewater showed that the effluent had a high organic load (chemical oxygen demand [COD]: 5095 mg/L), an acidic pH (6.4), and a high probability of coliforms (most probable number [MPN]>1100). The various bacterial strains isolated and purified were identified as Sporolactobacillus sp., Citrobacter sp., Pseudomonas sp., Alcaligenes sp., Bacillus sp., Staphylococcus sp., and Proteus sp., as per the Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology. Among the five selected bacterial strains, the strain designated as MMRR₇ and identified as Alcaligenes sp. was found to give a maximum reduction in COD (62%) in 5 d of incubation. Chemical coagulation using alum at a concentration of 0.5 g/100 mL was found to be effective in the primary treatment of the effluent. Studies on free-cell treatment of the coagulated effluent with the selected bacterial strain Alcaligenes sp. MMRR₇ gave a maximum COD reduction of 91% in 120 h. This study clearly indicates the possibility of using Alcaligenes sp. MMRR₇ for the effective treatment of dairy wastewater.     

甲基绿－萃取光度法测定锑

本文用Ｃｅ（ＳＯ＿４）＿２作氧化剂，在６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ　ＨＣｌ溶液中将Ｓｂ（Ⅲ）氧化为Ｓｂ（Ⅴ），过量的氧化剂用盐酸羟胺还原，生成的［ＳｂＣｌ＿６］￣－与甲基绿形成离子缔合物，在２ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＣｌ溶液中被ＣＨＣｌ＿３萃取。Ｔｌ、Ｉｎ、Ｇａ、Ａｕ等２０种离子共存时不干扰测定，用于金属镉及废水中测定微量锑，结果满意。