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71.
A modified method for preparing 99mTc-FHMA for pulmonary studies is elabrated. It includes a new antioxidant sodium metabisulphite. The optimum conditions for the reparation are given. A simple and rapid procedure with a yield more than 98% is described which eliminates a further purification step. 相似文献
72.
P. C. Deka H. Sarma Subir Sarkar T. D. Goswami B. K. Sarma 《Indian Journal of Physics》2009,83(7):1025-1030
With the growing understanding of the role of radon and its daughter products as major sources of radiation exposure, the
importance of large number of estimation of radon concentration in various parts of the country is realized. Inhalation of
radon, thoron and their decay products is the major source of the total radioactive dose received by the human population
from natural radiation. The indoor radon and thoron progeny levels in Nalbari area of Assam are studied by using the LR-115
(type II) Solid State Nuclear Track Detector in Plastic Twin Chamber dosimeter. Radon and thoron progeny levels in different
types of dwellings for one full calendar year are presented in this paper. For Assam Type (A.T.) houses, indoor radon progeny
concentrations vary from 0.17 to 0.64 mWL with an annual geometric mean of 0.27 mWL and that for Reinforced Cement Concrete
(R.C.C.) houses vary from 0.22 mWL to 0.60 mWL with the annual geometric mean of 0.37 mWL. The thoron progeny levels in A.T.
houses also vary from 0.01 to of 0.05 mWL with an annual geometric mean of 0.02 mWL and that for R.C.C. houses vary from 0.02
to 0.08 mWL with the annual geometric mean of 0.04 mWL.
相似文献
73.
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spin–spin coupling constants (SSCCs) provide an important contribution for understanding experimentally observed values. It is known that calculated SSCCs using DFT methods correlate well with those experimentally measured. Unlike most of SSCCs, in fluorine compounds, fluorine–fluorine SSCC JFF shows that the Fermi contact (FC) term is not dominant, particularly for JFF in polyfluorinated organic molecules. In order to devise a DFT approach that would correctly reproduce the variation of SSCCs within a series of fluorine compounds, we test several DFT-based approaches, using different exchange and correlation functionals. Isotropic contributions to NMR fluorine–fluorine coupling constants (FC, spin-dipolar, SD, paramagnetic spin-orbit, PSO, and diamagnetic spin-orbit, DSO) have been calculated. Results show that DFT methods give appropriate values for nJFF (n = 4 to 7), while for geminal and vicinal JFF present large deviations from experimental values. For the latter SSCCs (2JFF and 3JFF), the four contributions (FC, SD, PSO and DSO) are analysed as a function of the local and nonlocal exchange in 1,1- and 1,2-difluoroethylene. Although FC term is not dominant for these SSCCs, the variation of this contribution with exchange is remarkable. On the other hand, SD and PSO contributions can be suitably computed without and with exact exchange, respectively. 相似文献
74.
Ireneusz W. Bulik Robert Zaleśny Wojciech Bartkowiak Josep M. Luis Bernard Kirtman Gustavo E. Scuseria Aggelos Avramopoulos Heribert Reis Manthos G. Papadopoulos 《Journal of computational chemistry》2013,34(20):1775-1784
A set of exchange‐correlation functionals, including BLYP, PBE0, B3LYP, BHandHLYP, CAM‐B3LYP, LC‐BLYP, and HSE, has been used to determine static and dynamic nonresonant (nuclear relaxation) vibrational (hyper)polarizabilities for a series of all‐trans polymethineimine (PMI) oligomers containing up to eight monomer units. These functionals are assessed against reference values obtained using the Møller–Plesset second‐order perturbation theory (MP2) and CCSD methods. For the smallest oligomer, CCSD(T) calculations confirm the choice of MP2 and CCSD as appropriate for assessing the density functionals. By and large, CAM‐B3LYP is the most successful, because it is best for the nuclear relaxation contribution to the static linear polarizability, intensity‐dependent refractive index second hyperpolarizability, static second hyperpolarizability, and is close to the best for the electro‐optical Pockels effect first hyperpolarizability. However, none of the functionals perform satisfactorily for all the vibrational (hyper)polarizabilities studied. In fact, in the case of electric field‐induced second harmonic generation all of them, as well as the Hartree–Fock approximation, yield the wrong sign. We have also found that the Pople 6–31+G(d) basis set is unreliable for computing nuclear relaxation (hyper)polarizabilities of PMI oligomers due to the spurious prediction of a nonplanar equilibrium geometry. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
75.
Dr. Prasanta K. Mohapatra Arijit Sengupta Mudassir Iqbal Dr. Jurriaan Huskens Dr. Willem Verboom 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2013,19(9):3230-3238
Two new diglycolamide‐based task‐specific ionic liquids (DGA? TSILs) were evaluated for the extraction of actinides and lanthanides from acidic feed solutions. These DGA? TSILs were capable of exceptionally high extraction of trivalent actinide ions, such as Am3+, and even higher extraction of the lanthanide ion, Eu3+ (about 5–10 fold). Dilution of the DGA? TSILs in an ionic liquid, C4mim+ ? NTf2?, afforded reasonably high extraction ability, faster mass transfer, and more efficient stripping of the metal ion. The nature of the extracted species was studied by slope analysis, which showed that the extracted species contained one NO3? anion, along with the participation of two DGA? TSIL molecules. Time‐resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS) analysis showed a strong complexation with no inner‐sphere water molecule in the EuIII? DGA? TSIL complexes in the presence and absence of C4mim+ ? NTf2? as the diluent. The very high radiolytic stability of DGA? TSIL 6 makes it one of the most‐efficient solvent systems for the extraction of actinides under acidic feed conditions. 相似文献
76.
Gd2Zr2O7中Gd具有很大的中子吸收截面, 其烧绿石结构-缺陷萤石结构的转变能较低, 使其成为理想的核废料固化基材. 使用硝酸盐为原料, 添加少量NaF作助熔剂, 在较低温度下(和传统高温固相反应相比), 合成了烧绿石型Gd2Zr2O7. 以Ce4+模拟Pu4+, 研究了Gd2Zr2O7对锕系核素的固化, 并合成了系列模拟固化体(Gd1-xCex)2Zr2O7+x (0≤x≤0.6). 采用粉末X射线衍射(XRD)对系列样品进行了表征. 结果表明: 随着x值的增大,样品从烧绿石结构向缺陷萤石结构转变, 且晶胞大小基本保持恒定, 但当x=0.6时, 衍射峰明显宽化, 晶格畸变比较严重, 晶格稳定性降低. 当x=1时, 即用Ce4+完全取代Gd3+进行合成, 不能得到Ce2Zr2O8, 产物发生了相分离, 为四方结构的(Zr0.88Ce0.12)O2和萤石结构的(Ce0.75Zr0.25)O2的混合物. 模拟固化体的浸出率测试表明: 当x≤0.2时, 各元素浸出率均很低, 但当x≥0.4时, 各元素的浸出率明显升高, 说明以Gd2Zr2O7作为固化Pu4+的基材, Pu4+掺入量不宜高于40%. 相似文献
77.
Oliver Neudert Miriam Reh Hans W. Spiess Kerstin Münnemann 《Macromolecular rapid communications》2015,36(10):885-889
NMR studies of synthetic polymers and biomacromolecules, which provide insight into the conformation and dynamics of these materials, can benefit strongly from the increased sensitivity offered by dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) and other hyperpolarizing methods. In this study 1H DNP nuclear spin hyperpolarization of two polybutadiene samples, representing a supercooled liquid and an entangled polymer melt, is demonstrated at 0.35 T magnetic field strength and at temperatures between −80 and +50 °C. Electron spin polarization transfer from the α,γ‐bisdiphenylene‐β‐phenylallyl radical to the sample nuclei is achieved by the Overhauser and solid effect. DNP signal enhancements are studied, varying the electron spin resonance offset, microwave power, and sample temperature. The influence of spin relaxation times, line widths, and molecular dynamics are discussed. The results show promising, up to 15‐fold NMR signal enhancements using noncryogenic temperatures and an inexpensive setup that is less technically demanding than current high‐field DNP setups.
78.
制备了一系列具有不同酸性质的β分子筛催化剂, 通过固体核磁共振(NMR)探针分子技术对其酸性质进行了表征, 并考察了其催化葡萄糖转化为乙酰丙酸甲酯的性能. 吸附三甲基磷的31P NMR实验结果表明, 含有骨架Sn以及Al原子的Sn-Al-β催化剂同时具有Br?nsted与Lewis酸性. 通过2-13C-丙酮探针分子区分出 3种酸强度的Br?nsted酸位, 其中一种酸强度接近“超强酸”, 可能是由于空间邻近的Br?nsted酸位和Lewis酸位发生协同作用产生的. 葡萄糖转化为乙酰丙酸甲酯的催化反应结果表明, 相比于分别只含有Lewis酸位和Br?nsted酸位的Sn-β和Al-β样品以及两者的物理混合样品, Sn-Al-β分子筛催化剂具有高催化活性与产物选择性, 这主要是由于Br?nsted酸位和Lewis酸位的协同作用产生了强Br?nsted酸位, 这种强Br?nsted酸位进一步导致了更高的催化活性. 相似文献
79.
In the present paper the sensitivity V of plastic nuclear track detectors CR-39 to the space radiation, accelerated heavy ions in wide LET range and α-particles is studied. Different approaches for V evaluation are considered and compared. Main attention is given to the method that is appropriate for the measurement of short range heavy secondaries of space radiation. Finally, the experimental verification of the designed V function is carried out via simulation of the secondaries with low energy α-particles in the vicinity of the Bragg peak. 相似文献
80.
Toshimitsu Yamazaki M.J.A. Yoshinori Akaishi 《Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and biological sciences》2007,83(5):144-150
We have studied the structure of K−pp comprehensively by solving this threebody system in a variational method, starting from the Ansatz that the Λ(1405) resonance (≡Λ*) is a K−p bound state. The structure of K−pp reveals a molecular feature, namely, the K− in Λ* as an “atomic center” plays a key role in producing strong covalent bonding with the other proton. We point out that strongly bound nuclear systems are formed by “super strong” nuclear force due to migrating real bosonic particles a la Heitler-London-Heisenberg, whereas the normal nuclear force is caused by mediating virtual mesons. We have shown that the elementary process, p + p → K+ + Λ* + p, which occurs in a short impact parameter and with a large momentum transfer, leads to unusually large self-trapping of Λ* by the involved proton, since the Λ*-p system exists as a compact doorway state propagating to K−pp. 相似文献