Nanosized gold clusters formation in selected areas of soda-lime silicate glass

Nanosized gold clusters were developed in a gold-doped soda-lime silicate glass after X-ray irradiation followed by annealing, which provided an alternative way of forming metallic nanoclusters in glass to ion implantation. The formation of gold nanoclusters can be controlled by irradiation time or annealing time.     

Characterization of ALCVD-Al2O3 and ZrO2 layer using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

The atomic layer chemical vapor deposition (ALCVD) deposited Al₂O₃ and ZrO₂ films were investigated by ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The thickness dependence of band gap and valence band alignment was determined for these two dielectric layers. For layers thicker than 0.9 nm (Al₂O₃) or 0.6 nm (ZrO₂), the band gaps of the Al₂O₃ and ZrO₂ films deposited by ALCVD are 6.7±0.2 and 5.6±0.2 eV, respectively. The valence band offsets at the Al₂O₃/Si and ZrO₂/Si interface are determined to be 2.9±0.2 and 2.5±0.2 eV, respectively. Finally, the escape depths of Al 2p in Al₂O₃ and Zr 3p3 in ZrO₂ are 2.7 and 2.0 nm, respectively.     

中国的百岁老人研究Ⅰ.百岁老人的地区分布、性别差异和民族特征

利用全国人口普查资料及部分地区的调查资料,统计分析了百岁老人的百岁比和性别比。结果显示,中国百岁老人存在明显的地区分布不均衡性、性别差异的可变化性,以及民族长寿的特异性。我国至少有4个省和自治区的百岁老人数男性多于女性,有13个民族的百岁老人比例达到联合国规定的长寿之乡标准,这些民族可称作长寿民族。     

Non-contact atomic force microscopy imaging of TiO2(100) surfaces

Atomically resolved non-contact fm mode atomic force microscopy images have been obtained from TiO₂(100) surfaces. The 1×1 surface is observed, as well as the 1×3 phase previously imaged with STM. The morphology of the latter reconstruction consists of (110) microfacets. An additional reconstruction with 1×3 symmetry is observed, which is assigned to a phase intermediate between the 1×1 and 1×3-microfacet terminations.     

PANSYSTEMS PHILOSOPHY,PANSYSTEMS MATHEMATICS(PPPM)AND APPLICATIONS TO APTMS:AFFAIROLOGY,PHYSICS,TECHNOLOGY,MEDICIEN AND STRATEGICS(Ⅱ)

A new type of philosophy and mathematics from the pansystems view is introduced here,including the7 philosophy theories(7PT)and related mathematizing researches.Many second/third philosophies are developed within pansystems framework and related applications to APTMS.     

Analysis of nitrosamines by GC2 with a photoionization detector

The use of a photoionization detector (PID) coupled to a glass capillary gas chromatography (GC²) separation system for the detection of carcinogenic nitrosamines was investigated. The components analyzed gave a linear response with a lower detection limit of 50 to 100 pg with the 10.2 eV ionization source. No detector response was obtained with an ionization energy of 9.5 eV. Chromatography of meat extracts indicated their complex molecular composition. Simple liquid chromatographic cleaning procedures significantly decreased the complexity of these samples, but not sufficiently for the accurate quantition of nitrosamine components.     

Characterization and comparison of soluble and immobilized pig muscle aldolases

Pig muscle aldolase was insolubilized by covalent attachment to a polyacrylamide matrix containing carboxylic functional groups. The catalytic activity of the Akrilex C-aldolase was 2014 units/g solid, i.e., an activity loss of only about 5% relative to the initial activity. The pH optimum for catalytic activity shifted form 7.25 to 7.5 and the apparent temperature optimum from 313 to 318 K. The Michaelis constant of the insolubilized enzyme was significantly higher than that of the soluble aldolase. Heat- and urea-inactivation experiments revealed that the immobilization increased the stability of the enzyme.