用乳化度评价中相微乳

用乳化度评价中相微乳;微乳相图;表面活性剂;油相性质;盐宽;用乳化度评价中相微乳     

低介电常数非晶氟碳薄膜光谱表征

以C4F8和CH4为原料气,通过等离子体增强化学气相淀积的方法制备了非晶氟碳薄膜,在实验条件下所得薄膜的介电常数为2.3。薄膜的傅里叶变换红外光谱表明该薄膜中除了含有CFn(n=1-3）基团外,还含有少量的C=O,C=C等不饱和双键,没有迹象表明C-H和O-H的存在。X射线光电子能谱进一步证明了薄膜中的碳元素有六种不同的化学状态分别为CF3（8%）、CF2（19%）,CF（26.7%)、C↓-—CF。（42.5%),C↓-—C(3.3%)和C=O（0.5%),表明薄膜中大约54%的碳原子与氟成键,大约43%的碳原子不是与氟成键,而是与碳氟基团CFn中的碳原子成键,毗连的两个碳原子上均没有氟参与成键的几率很小。     

离子/非离子复合型亲水单体的合成及高稳定性聚氨酯乳液的研究

本文合成了离子 非离子复合型亲水单体 (K6 0 0 ) ,并以K6 0 0、IPDI、聚酯二元醇为原料制备了自乳化聚氨酯乳液 .考察了K6 0 0对乳液外观、粒径、粘度、冻融稳定性、高温稳定性、抗电解质能力、pH值稳定性等性质的影响 .结果显示 ,以K6 0 0制得的乳液具有优异的综合稳定性 ,- 2 0℃ ,18h冻融 5次以上仍然稳定 ;可以耐受 80℃的长期高温 ;可与 10 %NaCl溶液以任意比例混合 ;可在pH =1～ 14的范围内性质稳定 ,说明离子 非离子复合型亲水单体对体系的综合稳定性具有很大的作用     

离子缔合物-萃取荧光光度法测定水中阴离子表面活性剂

在 0 .2 5 mol/L H2 SO4 溶液中 ,罗丹明 B与阴离子表面活性剂形成离子缔合物 ,氯仿萃取后 ,于 5 5 0 nm处激发 ,荧光波长为 60 0 nm,对于十二烷基硫酸钠的线性范围为 0 .0 2 5～ 0 .4mg/L,RSD<2 .6%。方法可用于河水及生活废水中 1 0 -7～ 1 0 -6mol/L 阴离子表面活性剂的测定     

混合超分子液晶模板法合成六方介孔相含钛氧化硅

采用混合十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）与不同碳链的脂肪胺（CnNH2n＋3, n=8,10,12,14,16）作模板,在四甲基氢氧化胺为碱源的条件下,合成了具有六方介孔结构的含钛氧化硅Ti MCM 41分子筛材料. XRD和TEM测试表明所合成材料具有高度的长程有序结构,样品的N2吸附/脱附等温线表明,高度有序的Ti MCM 41材料展示了毛细凝聚的陡峭台阶和狭窄的介孔孔径分布.对反应物配比中Ti/Si比、脂肪胺碳链长度n对六方介孔相结构的影响进行了研究,实验发现当Ti/Si< 0.15和n< 16时,均可获得具有六方介孔结构的含钛氧化硅Ti MCM 41;而当Ti/Si≥0.15或n >16时,产物将分别发生从六方向无定形态或从六方向层状介孔相结构的转移,从混合表面活性剂的堆积参数对这种相转移现象进行了分析.     

Hydrophobically Modified Polyelectrolytes: V. Interaction of Fluorocarbon Modified Poly (acrylic acid) with Various Added Surfactants

The interactions between fluorocarbon‐modified poly (sodium acrylate) and various kinds of added surfactants have been studied by means of viscometric measurement. Association behavior was found in both hydrogenated and fluorinated anionic, nonionic and cationic surfactants. Among them, the interactions between fluorocarbon‐modified poly (sodium acrylate) and cationic surfactants are the strongest, owing to the cooperation of both electrostatic attractions and hydrophobic associations. The anionic surfactants have the weakest effects on the solution properties because of the existence of unfavorable electrostatic repulsion. The hydrophobic interactions between copolymers and fluorinated surfactants are much stronger than those between copolymers and hydrogenated surfactants.     

废水中的阴离子表面活性剂的测定

十六烷基三甲基溴化铵 ( CTMAB)、溴甲酚紫 ( BCP)和阴离子表面活性剂三者在 p H 7.0 0的条件下可形成有色离子缔合物 ,据此建立了 CTMAB- BCP分光光度法测定阴离子表面活性剂的方法。在 75μg CTMAB存在下 ,十二烷基硫酸钠 ( SDS)在 0～ 5 0 μg范围内符合比耳定律 ,其表观摩尔吸光系数是 2 .74× 1 0 4 L· mol- 1·cm- 1,并用标准加入法和主成分回归法不分离干扰可直接测定。应用此方法测定了河水、池塘水和生活污水中的阴离子表面活性剂 (以 SDS计 )并与亚甲蓝法进行比较 ,结果满意     

Reactions of diazoalkanes with unsaturated compounds. 14. Reactions of diazomethane,diazocyclopropane, and methyl diazoacetate with 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-3-vinylcyclobutane and 2,3,3-trifluoro-1-vinylcyclobutene to form [3+2] and [1+2] cycloadducts

The reactions of diazomethane and diazocyclopropane generated in situ with 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-3-vinylcyclobutane (1) and 2,3,3-trifluoro-1-vinylcyclobutene (2) proceeded at the double bond of the substituent as the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition to form the corresponding 1-pyrazolines. Under the conditions of thermolysis (340—400 °C), the resulting cyclobutylpyrazolines 4 and 5 selectively lost the dinitrogen molecule to generate 3-cyclopropyl-1,1,2,2-tetrafluorocyclobutane (6) or 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-3-spiropentylcyclobutane (7), respectively, in high yields. In the presence of Pd(acac)₂, the reactions of these fluorine-containing unsaturated compounds and 2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoro-3-vinylcyclobutane (3) with diazomethane gave rise directly to cyclopropane derivatives 6, 11, and 12, respectively. The reactions of compounds 1 and 2 with methyl diazoacetate in the presence of Rh₂(OAc)₄ proceeded analogously to yield cis- and trans-disubstituted cyclopropanes.     

羧酸盐二聚表面活性剂的合成

利用α-溴代月桂酸甲酯与二酚通过Williamson醚化得到二酯,再经皂化得羧酸盐二聚表面活性剂,其结构经1^H NMR,IR和元素分析确认。     

Techniques for Infrared Spectra of Corrosive Solids

Abstract

Two new pressing techniques are described for obtaining excellent infrared spectra of highly corrosive and moisture sensitive solids. The elimination of the Christiansen effect in the spectrum of the salt N₂F₃ ⁺AsF₆ ^? is demonstrated.