全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1852篇 |
免费 | 128篇 |
国内免费 | 199篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 2063篇 |
晶体学 | 4篇 |
力学 | 13篇 |
综合类 | 8篇 |
数学 | 1篇 |
物理学 | 90篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 1篇 |
2023年 | 7篇 |
2022年 | 33篇 |
2021年 | 46篇 |
2020年 | 45篇 |
2019年 | 52篇 |
2018年 | 60篇 |
2017年 | 51篇 |
2016年 | 82篇 |
2015年 | 51篇 |
2014年 | 73篇 |
2013年 | 246篇 |
2012年 | 104篇 |
2011年 | 87篇 |
2010年 | 75篇 |
2009年 | 93篇 |
2008年 | 96篇 |
2007年 | 123篇 |
2006年 | 109篇 |
2005年 | 94篇 |
2004年 | 110篇 |
2003年 | 84篇 |
2002年 | 59篇 |
2001年 | 44篇 |
2000年 | 40篇 |
1999年 | 43篇 |
1998年 | 40篇 |
1997年 | 36篇 |
1996年 | 36篇 |
1995年 | 33篇 |
1994年 | 26篇 |
1993年 | 21篇 |
1992年 | 24篇 |
1991年 | 6篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 7篇 |
1988年 | 8篇 |
1987年 | 5篇 |
1986年 | 12篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有2179条查询结果,搜索用时 10 毫秒
101.
Dr. Yunyi Gao Jiahui Chen Tong Zhang Jennifer E. S. Szymanowski Prof. Dr. Peter C. Burns Prof. Dr. Tianbo Liu 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,25(69):15741-15745
An interesting phenomenon is reported when uranyl peroxide nanoclusters U60 (Li48+mK12(OH)m[UO2(O2)(OH)]60 (H2O)n, m≈20 and n≈310) interact with a small number of cationic surfactant molecules. Cationic surfactant molecules do not distribute evenly around the U60 clusters during the interaction as expected. Instead, a small fraction of U60 clusters attract almost all the surfactant molecules, leading to the self-assembly into supramolecular structures by using surfactant–U60 complexes as building locks, and later further aggregate and precipitate based on hydrophobic interaction, whereas the rest of the clusters remained unbounded soluble macroions in bulk dispersion. This phenomenon nicely demonstrates a unique feature of macroion solutions. Considering that Debye–Hückel approximation is no longer valid in such solutions, the competition between the local electrostatic interaction and hydrophobic interaction becomes important to regulate the solution behaviors of macroions. 相似文献
102.
Hongtao Yao Jianhua Zhou Hong Li Jiaojiao Zhao 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2019,57(12):1305-1314
A simple method for nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC)/fluorinated polyacrylate was developed by RAFT‐mediated surfactant‐free emulsion polymerization, in which the nanocomposites formed a core‐shell spherical morphology. The influence of the content of NCC‐g‐(PAA‐b‐PHFBA) (AA was acrylic acid, HFBA was hexafluorobutyl acrylate) on the properties of latex and film were systematically studied. The monomer conversion, the tensile strength, and water–oil repellency of film increased first and then decreased, the latex particle size decreased first and then decreased, when the content of NCC‐g‐(PAA‐b‐PHFBA) increased from 1 to 6 wt %. Elongation at break and thermal stability distinctly decreased when the content of NCC‐g‐(PAA‐b‐PHFBA) gradually increased. XPS showed that the fluorine‐containing groups well concentrated at the film–air interfaces during the annealing process. SEM analysis revealed that the treated fiber had a rugged surface, and the treated fabric had an excellent water repellency. In addition, this green grafting method in water offered a new perspective for the fabrication of exceptional NCC‐based nanocomposites with NCC as the core and also helped to promote the potential applicability of NCC in a range of multipurpose applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019 © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 1305–1314 相似文献
103.
Seung Hyun Sung William B. Farnham Heidi E. Burch Yefim Brun Kai Qi Thomas H. Epps 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2019,57(24):1663-1672
We demonstrate the directional alignment of perpendicular‐lamellae domains in fluorinated three‐armed star block polymer (BP) thin films using solvent vapor annealing with shear stress. The control of orientation and alignment was accomplished without any substrate surface modification. Additionally, three‐armed star poly(methyl methacrylate‐block‐styrene) [PMMA‐PS] and poly(octafluoropentyl methacrylate‐block‐styrene) were compared to their linear analogues to examine the impact of fluorine content and star architecture on self‐assembled BP feature sizes and interdomain density profiles. X‐ray reflectometry results indicated that the star BP molecular architecture increased the effective polymer segregation strength and could possibly facilitate reduced polymer domain spacings, which are useful in next‐generation nanolithographic applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019 , 57, 1663–1672 相似文献
104.
Dr. Hiromichi Nakahara Dr. Marie Pierre Krafft Prof. Osamu Shibata 《Chemphyschem》2020,21(17):1966-1970
We found that monolayers of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and semi-fluorinated tetrablock di(F10H16) self-assemble to form a new type of large, complex flower-like patterns on the surface of water and on solid substrates. The hierarchical organization of these unusual self-assemblies was investigated using compression and surface potential isotherms, in situ fluorescence and Brewster angle microscopies, and atomic force microscopy after transfer. 相似文献
105.
Dr. A. F. Eftaiha Dr. Abdussalam K. Qaroush Ghada G. Kayed Abdel Rahman K. Abdel Rahman Dr. Khaleel I. Assaf Prof. Dr. Matthew F. Paige 《Chemphyschem》2020,21(16):1858-1865
A series of water soluble, surface-active ionic liquids (SAILs), namely, 1-alkyl-3-methyl imidazolium chlorides ([Cn-mim]Cl) and their mixtures with palmitic acid (PA) are investigated in Langmuir monolayers and Langmuir–Blodgett films. It is inferred from the surface pressure-area isotherms that C16-mim-IL mixes non-ideally with PA and stabilizes the binary mixed films. In addition, the residence of mim-IL at the water surface is enhanced as a function of the increasing alkyl side chain length. Generally, the compressional moduli values decrease upon increasing the content of the mim-ILs over a wide range of compositions. Furthermore, film relaxation measurements indicate that the IL component is selectively excluded from the mixed films upon achieving a certain target pressure. Brewster angle microscope images demonstrate minimal changes on the PA domains in the presence of either C4- and C8-mim-ILs, whereas presence of the hexadecyl counterpart results in the formation of condensed sheets. Atomic force microscopy imaging of deposited films show the formation of propeller-like aggregates when C8- or C16-mim-IL is present in the mixed films. 相似文献
106.
Hongkang Wang Yu Wang Stephen V. Kershaw Tak Fu Hung Jun Xu Andrey L. Rogach 《Particle & Particle Systems Characterization》2013,30(4):332-337
Fluorinated Eu‐doped SnO2 nanostructures with tunable morphology (shuttle‐like and ring‐like) are prepared by a hydrothermal method, using NaF as the morphology controlling agent. X‐ray diffraction, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy are used to characterize their phase, shape, lattice structure, composition, and element distribution. The data suggest that Eu3+ ions are uniformly embedded into SnO2 nanocrystallites either through substitution of Sn4+ ions or through formation of Eu‐F bonds, allowing for high‐level Eu3+ doping. Photoluminescence features such as transition intensity ratios and Stark splitting indicate diverse localization of Eu3+ ions in the SnO2 nanoparticles, either in the crystalline lattice or in the grain boundaries. Due to formation of Eu‐F and Sn‐F bonds, the fluorinated surface of SnO2 nanocrystallites efficiently inhibits the hydroxyl quenching effect, which accounts for their improved photoluminescence intensity. 相似文献
107.
采用微波电子回旋共振等离子体化学气相沉积(MWPECRCVD)方法,使用不同的源气体(CHF3CH4,CHF3C2H2,CHF3C6H6)体系制备了aC∶F∶H薄膜.由于CH4,C2H2,C6H6气体在等离子体中的分解反应不同导致了薄膜的沉积速率和结构上的差异.红外吸收谱的结果表明,用C6H6CHF3作为源气体沉积的薄膜中几乎不含H,而用C2H2CHF3所沉积的薄膜中的含氟量最高,其相应的CF振动峰位向高频方向偏移.薄膜的真空退火结果表明,aC∶F∶H薄膜的热稳定性除了取决于薄膜的CC键浓度外,还与CC键
关键词:
氟化非晶碳膜
电子回旋共振化学气相沉积
红外吸收光谱 相似文献
108.
利用1H NMR技术研究了离子/非离子表面活性剂形成的二元混合体系,结果显示表面活性剂的混合导致各组分的临界胶束浓度(CMC)均比各自纯溶液有所降低,用吸附平衡理论清楚地解释了这个现象.通过定量分析,发现不同的表面活性剂混合使得其组分CMC降低的程度各异,可以理解为它们吸附于界面单分子吸附层上的分子之间相互作用的不同(相吸或相斥)引起的.由此揭示了"协同效应"的实质,可以为选择适当的表面活性剂类型和混合比例以达到预期的性能提供有力的参考. 相似文献
109.
Marc B. Taraban Daniel J. Deredge Margaret E. Smith Katharine T. Briggs Yu Li Zhong-Xing Jiang Patrick L. Wintrode Yihua Bruce Yu 《Magnetic resonance in chemistry : MRC》2019,57(10):861-872
The conformational transition of a fluorinated amphiphilic dendrimer is monitored by the 1H signal from water, alongside the 19F signal from the dendrimer. High-field NMR data (chemical shift δ, self-diffusion coefficient D, longitudinal relaxation rate R1, and transverse relaxation rate R2) for both dendrimer (19F) and water (1H) match each other in detecting the conformational transition. Among all parameters for both nuclei, the water proton transverse-relaxation rate R2(1H2O) displays the highest relative scale of change upon conformational transition of the dendrimer. Hydrogen/deuterium-exchange mass spectrometry reveals that the compact form of the dendrimer has slower proton exchange with water than the extended form. This result suggests that the sensitivity of R2(1H2O) toward dendrimer conformation originates, at least partially, from the difference in proton exchange efficiency between different dendrimer conformations. Finally, we also demonstrated that this conformational transition could be conveniently monitored using a low-field benchtop NMR spectrometer via R2(1H2O). The 1H2O signal thus offers a simple way to monitor structural changes of macromolecules using benchtop time-domain NMR. 相似文献
110.
本文研究了表面活性剂对不同电子结构的三种金属离子(Zn~(2+),Cu~(2+),Pd~(2+))与两种分子结构类似但反应官能团不同的吡啶偶氮染料(PAR和5-Cl-PADAB)间的显色反应的作用。试验证明:(1)表面活性剂对显色反应增敏作用的产生,最根本的是由于金属离子的电子结构和试剂的反应官能团的不同,以及由此引起所成显色络合物的结构的不同。(2)表面活性剂对显色络合物的增敏效应,与单个表面活性剂分子对有色络合物的作用有关,更重要的是形成胶束,改变反应微环境。(3)离子型-非离子型混合表面活性剂对显色反应是否产生协同增敏效应和协同增敏效应的大小,决定于两者形成混合胶束的难易。如果显色络合物的结构有利于此两种表面活性剂同时对它起协同作用,则协同增敏效应可进一步提高。 相似文献