Retrotransposon‐microsatellite amplified polymorphism,an electrophoretic approach for studying genetic variability among Schistosoma japonicum geographical isolates

In the present study, retrotransposon‐microsatellite amplified polymorphism (REMAP) was used to examine genetic variability among Schistosoma japonicum isolates from different endemic provinces in mainland China, using S. japonicum from Japan and the Philippines for comparison. Of the 50 primer combinations screened, eight produced highly reproducible REMAP fragments. Using these primers, 190 distinct DNA fragments were generated in total, of which 147 (77.37%) were polymorphic, indicating considerable genetic variation among the 43 S. japonicum isolates examined. The percentage of polymorphic bands (PPB) among S. japonicum isolates from mainland China, Japan, and the Philippines was 77.37%; PPB values of 18.42% and 53.68% were found among isolates from southwestern (SW) China and the lower Yangtze/Zhejiang province in eastern (E) China, respectively. Based on REMAP profiles, unweighted pair‐group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) dendrogram analysis revealed that all of the S. japonicum samples grouped into three distinct clusters: parasites from mainland China, Japan, and the Philippines were clustered in each individual clade. Within the mainland China cluster, SW China isolates (from Sichuan and Yunnan provinces) grouped together, whereas worms from E China (Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Hunan, and Hubei provinces) grouped together. These results demonstrated that the REMAP marker system provides a reliable electrophoretic technique for studying genetic diversity and population structures of S. japonicum isolates from mainland China, and could be applied to other pathogens of human and animal health significance.     

Identification and determination of inorganic anions in real extracts from pre- and post-blast residues by capillary electrophoresis

Fast, selective, and sensitive analysis of inorganic anions is compulsory for the identification of explosives in post-blast or environmental samples. For the last twenty years, capillary electrophoresis (CE) has become a valuable alternative to ion chromatography (IC) for the analysis of inorganic-based explosives because of its low running costs and its simplicity of use. This article focuses on the development and validation of a CE method for the simultaneous analysis of 10 anions (chloride, nitrite, nitrate, thiosulphate, perchlorate, chlorate, thiocyanate, carbonate, sulphate, and phosphate) which can be found in post-blast residues, plus for the first time azide anion, possibly present in the composition of detonators, and the internal standard (formate) in 20 min total runtime. Intermediate precisions were 2.11% for normalized areas and 0.72% for normalized migration times. Limits of detection close to 0.5 ppm for all anions were obtained with the use of preconcentration techniques, thanks to a fast and simple sample preparation allowing the analysis of a large variety of matrices with the developed generic CE method. The matrix effects were statistically studied for the first time in the explosive field for different matrices, containing interfering anions and cations, sometimes at high levels. In fact, no significant matrix effect occurred (tests with blank matrix extracts of soil, cloth, glass, plastic, paper, cotton, and metal). Finally, analyses of real post-blast residues and real detonator extracts were performed. The CE results were compared with those obtained with the IC method used routinely and showed excellent correlation.     

场强放大样品进样-毛细管电泳技术对中药制剂中苯甲酸与山梨酸的测定

利用场强放大样品进样-高效毛细管电泳分离技术测定中药口服制剂中苯甲酸和山梨酸的含量。采用未涂层熔融石英毛细管柱(50.2 cm×75μm,有效长度40 cm),以pH 9.5的50 mmol/L硼砂为运行缓冲液,柱温25℃,分离电压20 kV,PAD检测,检测波长228 nm。阳极进样,进样前压力进水3.45 kPa×5 s,电动进样-10 kV×3 s。在最佳富集条件下,苯甲酸和山梨酸的富集倍数(以峰面积计)可达259.7和231.9倍;在0.5~20.0 mg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数高于0.995,检出限分别为0.67、0.53μg/L。将此方法用于两种液体中药制剂中苯甲酸和山梨酸的测定,苯甲酸的回收率为98%~103%,山梨酸的回收率为100%~101%。该法简单快速、准确可靠、灵敏度高、无需复杂仪器,为液体中药制剂中防腐剂的含量控制提供了新的检测方法。     

适用于放大自发辐射平滑光束的脉宽压缩方法

为了增加靶上的功率密度和耦合效率,基于饱和增益开关原理,发展了一种适用于放大自发辐射平滑光束的脉宽压缩方法。利用该方法,在赛格德大学的一台放电泵浦KrF准分子激光器上进行了实验,将该激光器输出的脉宽为14.5 ns的放大自发辐射光束压缩到了7.5 ns,并且保持了光束原有的均匀性。     

反馈放大电路中反馈类型的分析与判断

在研究反馈放大电路各种反馈类型特征的基础上，介绍了各种反馈类型的判断方法．     

泽苔草居群内遗传多样性

采用RAPD分子标记对泽片学湖甲膈群10个家系共60个子代样品进行了家系间及家系内的遗传多样性分析，12个有效引物共广：生91条带，其中83条带表现出多态性，占91．21％．各个家系的基因多样性在0.1l～0.23之间（家系水平为0．27），Shannon指数在0．17～0.34之间（家系水半为0．41）．分子变异分析（AMOVA）结果显示家系间的基因分化系数（Gst）为0．277，说明家系问的遗传变异占27．7％，家系内的遗传变异占72．31％，家系间和家系内的变异均极显著（P〈0.001）．基于家系间的遗传分化系数（Gst）估测家系间的基因流（Nm）为0.65．采用UPGMA法埘所有子代聚类结果表明：同一家系的子代个体并不能完全聚在一起．     

Amplified FRET Nanoflares: An Endogenous mRNA-Powered Nanomachine for Intracellular MicroRNA Imaging

It is of great value to detect biological molecules in live cells. However, probes for imaging low-abundance targets in live cells are limited by the one-to-one signal-triggered model. Here, we introduce the concept of the amplified FRET nanoflare, which employs high-abundance endogenous mRNA as fuel strands to amplify the detection of low abundance intracellular miRNA. As far as we know, this is the first report of an endogenous mRNA-powered nanomachine for intracellular molecular detection. We experimentally prove the mechanism of the nanomachine and demonstrate its specificity and sensitivity. The proposed amplified FRET nanoflare can act as an excellent intracellular molecular detection strategy that is promising for biological and medical applications.     

Effect of Four-Wave Mixing on Optimal Placement of Optical Amplifier in WDM Star Networks

In this article, the effect of four-wave mixing (FWM) and amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise on WDM optical star networks has been investigated. Analysis for the evaluation of probability of error has been carried out (a) when only FWM is present and (b) when both FWM and ASE noise are present. Numerical results are presented in the graphical and tabular forms for the practical values of parameters. Finally, optimal location of the amplifier in the network has been identified as being before the star coupler preceding the receiver.     

2-(2''''-羟基苯基)间氮杂氧茚放大的自发辐射效应的实验和理论研究

报道了在氮分子激光泵浦下，激发态分子内质子转移分子2－（2＇－羟基苯基）间氮杂氧茚（HBO）环乙烷溶液放大的自发辐射（ASE）实验和理论研究。在环己烷溶液中，HBO的增益系数α（510um）约为1．2cm-1。在建立了HBO激发态分子内质子转移（ESIPT）的放大的自发辐射动态模型基础上，通过数值模拟得到了HBO的增益光谱和放大的自发辐射光谱，计算结果与实验很好相符，证实了HBO的酮式异构体的基态寿命更接近于260ns而非亚纳秒级。     

具有空间色散的超短脉冲放大器的研究

分析了采用栅引入空间色散的超短脉冲放大器对抑制谱带空窄，增益饱和及减少放大的自发辐射等作用，并在实验上采用４ｆ系统的单级染料放大器，获得了大于１０＾３放大倍率。