小浪底工程中的关键力学问题

黄河小浪底工程规模宏大，地理位置重要、地质条件复杂、运用要求严格、水沙条件特殊，被称为世界上最具挑战性的水利工程之一，坝址区复杂的地质和黄河高含沙水流是小浪底工程技术复杂的主导因素，在土力学和土动力学、岩石力学、结构力学和结构动力学、水工水力学等多个力学领域中解决了关键技术问题，在一定程度上推动了工程力学中的试验分析方法和分析手段的发展。     

Qualitative analysis of chemical constituents in traditional Chinese medicine analogous formula cheng‐Qi decoctions by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry

Cheng‐Qi decoctions (CQs), a group of analogous formulas, are well‐known traditional Chinese preparations used as purgative remedies to treat ‘internal heat’‐induced symptoms, which manifest as a bloated and painful abdomen, hard stools, fever and other clinical observations. In this study, HPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS and UPLC‐TOF‐MS were employed for separation and structural identification of constituents in CQs. As a result, a total of 90 compounds, including seven anthraquinones, 39 flavones, 21 glycosides, 11 stilbene glycosides, six organic acids, five coumarins and one lignans, were detected and tentatively identified in CQs extracts. The characterization results shed some light on the scientific foundation for clinical application of the CQ analogous formulas. Our results also indicate that the HPLC‐MS method is useful for the systemic identification of major constituents in traditional Chinese medicine formulas. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

水上重大溢油事故围油栏协同调度方法研究

针对水上重大溢油事故,围控作业对围油栏调运数量和应急限制期的要求极高,为了尽可能提高待围控区域的应急调度效果,需要组织责任区间内各应急反应基地进行围油栏协同调度。文章将受溢油污染威胁区域划分为有限个待围控区域,分别计算各待围控区域的重要度权重、围油栏需求量和应急限制期。考虑各应急反应基地的围油栏可调运量及单次运载能力限制,针对不同重要度的待围控区域对围油栏调运数量和应急限制期的要求,构建多应急反应基地-多待围控区域的协同调度模型,确定各应急反应基地的围油栏调运去向和调运量。通过对比试验对本文模型的有效性进行验证,研究结果表明:组织多个应急反应基地进行围油栏协同调度,并差别化对待区域内不同敏感资源的应急调运要求,可以显著地提高受溢油污染威胁区域的整体应急调度效果。     

HOW DOES MECHANICS MAJOR DO UNDER THE SITUATION OF COLLEGE CATEGORY ENROLLMENT?

在大类招生形势下,不少高校力学专业出现了修读生源减少、生源质量下降的情况,不利于力学学科的整体发展。针对此问题,从力学专业招生面临的形势、力学学科的优势、以及大类分流工作的实践三个方面,探讨如何做好力学专业大类分流工作。     

Comparison of the Content of Several Elements in Seawater,Sea Cucumber Eupentacta fraudatrix and Its High-Molecular-Mass Multiprotein Complex

Metal ions and other elements play many different critical roles in all biological processes. They can be especially important in high concentrations for the functioning of organisms living in seawater. It is important to understand how much the concentrations of different trace elements in such organisms can be higher than in seawater. Some marine organisms capable of rapid recovery after different injuries are fascinating in this regard. Sea cucumbers Eupentacta fraudatrix can completely restore all organs and the whole body within several weeks after their division into two parts. Here, for the first time, a comparison of the content of different elements in seawater, sea cucumber, and its very stable multiprotein complex (2000 kDa) was performed using two-jet plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Among the 18 elements we found in sea cucumbers, seawater contained only six elements in detectable amounts, and their content decreased in the following order: Mg > Ca > B > Sr ≈ Si > Cr (0.13–930 µg/g of seawater). The content of these elements in sea cucumbers was higher compared with seawater (-fold): Ca (714) > Sr (459) > Cr (75) > Si (42)> B (12) > Mg (6.9). Only four of them had a higher concentration in the protein complex than in seawater (-fold): Si (120.0) > Cr (31.5) > Ca (9.1) > Sr (8.8). The contents of Mg and B were lower in the protein complex than in seawater. The content of elements additionally found in sea cucumbers decreased in the order (µg/g of powder) of P (1100) > Fe (47) > Mn (26) > Ba (15) > Zn (13) > Al (9.3) > Mo (2.8) > Cu (1.4) > Cd (0.3), and in the protein complex, in the order of P (290) > Zn (51) > Fe (23) > Al (14) ≈ Ni (13) > Cu (7.5) > Ba (2.5) ≈ Co (2.0) ≈ Mn (1.6) > Cd (0.7) >Ag (0.2). Thus, sea cucumbers accumulate various elements, including those contained in very low concentrations in seawater. The possible biological roles of these elements are discussed here.     

专业课程实验教学的改革与实践

从实验教学的实际出发,分析了专业课程实验的特点,即知识结构的综合性、实验分布的零散性、授课时段的特殊性以及实验系统的复杂性;围绕提高实验教学质量这一目的,针对专业课程实验教学的现状,提出了理顺实验体系、巧施实验教学方法、规范实验报告要求、量化实验考核标准、开放实验资源等一系列具体改革措施。实验教学改革的实践证明,该改革措施能有效地激发学生对实验课程的学习兴趣,增强学生进行实验研究的动手能力,引导学生的创新思维。     

兰州全永磁ECR离子源——LAPECR1

The Lanzhou All Permanent magnet ECR ion source NO.1(LAPECR1)is the first all permanent magnet multiple ECRIS made in IMP.This ECRIS is running at 14.5GHz and can provide intense low charge state ion beams(varying from several to hundreds of eμA)or medium charge state ion beams(varying from several to tens of eμA).The size of source body is (?)102mm×296mm,the compactness and economical features enable the source suitable to be put on a HV platform or equipped by a small laboratory.This article gives the main parameters of the ion source.     

Characterization of Hydrogels Made of a Novel Spider Silk Protein eMaSp1s and Evaluation for 3D Printing

Recombinantly produced spider silk proteins have high potential for bioengineering and various biomedical applications because of their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low immunogenicity. Here, the recently described small spider silk protein eMaSp1s is assembled into hydrogels, which can be 3D printed into scaffolds. Further, blending with a recombinantly produced MaSp2 derivative eADF4(C16) alters the mechanical properties of the resulting hydrogels. Different spider silk hydrogels also show a distinct recovery after a high shear stress deformation, exhibiting the tunability of their features for selected applications.     

Pharmacokinetic study of ofloxacin enantiomers in Pagrosomus major by chiral HPLC

(S)‐(?)‐Ofloxacin and (R)‐(+)‐ofloxacin concentrations in the plasma of Pagrosomus major after drug treatment were detected by chiral high‐performance liquid chromatography, and various pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated from these data. The elimination half‐life of (S)‐(?)‐ofloxacin was significantly shorter than that of the (R)‐(+) enantiomer. (S)‐(?)‐Ofloxacin also had a significantly lower maximum plasma concentration, area under the concentration–time curve from zero to infinity, and mean residence time than (R)‐(+)‐ofloxacin. However, the apparent volume of distribution and total body clearance of (S)‐(?)‐ofloxacin were greater than those of (R)‐(+)‐ofloxacin. The ratio of the (S)‐(?)‐ to (R)‐(+)‐ofloxacin plasma concentration was always <1.0. Together, these data suggest that (S)‐(?)‐ofloxacin was preferentially excreted and (R)‐(+)‐ofloxacin was preferentially absorbed. Although the difference in pharmacokinetic parameters was small, the metabolic behavior of the ofloxacin enantiomers in P. major was enantioselective. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Development and validation of a high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric method for simultaneous determination of bupropion,quetiapine and escitalopram in human plasma

In the present study, an effective high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric (HPLC/MS/MS) method was developed and validated to simultaneously determine bupropion (BUP), quetiapine (QUE) and escitalopram (ESC) in human plasma using carbidopa as the internal standard. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Waters Sun Fire C₁₈ column using reversed‐phase chromatography. The MS/MS experiment was performed in positive ion multiple reaction monitoring mode to produce product ions of m/z 240.3 → 184.2 for BUP, 384.2 → 253.1 for QUE, 325.3 → 109.3 for ESC and 227.2 → 181.2 for the internal standard. The method showed good linearity (R² ≥ 0.997), precision (relative standard deviation ≤7.5%), satisfactory intra‐ and interday accuracy (88.4–113.0%) and acceptable extraction recovery (87.2–115.0%), matrix effect (84.5.5?108.7%) and stability (92.3?103.5%). The method was successfully applied to determine the concentrations of BUP, QUE and ESC in human plasma samples. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.