Elastic and Thermophysical Properties of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) and Chlorinated Polyethylene Blends

The results of experimental and theoretical investigations of elastic and thermophysical properties of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) blends are presented. Eight types of specimens with different ratios of weight contents of PVC and CPE (PVC/CPE = 100/0, 90/10, 80/20, 60/40, 40/60, 20/80, 10/90, and 0/100) were tested. The effect of blend composition on the elastic constants (tensile and shear modulus) is discussed. The data on the thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and heat capacity of the blends investigated are also presented.     

Solubility of carbon dioxide in aqueous solutions of sodium chloride: Experimental results and correlation

The solubility of carbon dioxide in aqueous solutions of sodium chloride was measured in the temperature range from 40 to 160°C, up to 6 mol-kg salt solutions and total pressures up to 10 MPa. Pitzer's⁽¹⁾ equations as well as the Chen and Evans⁽²⁾ model were used to correlate the new data. Results are reported and compared to literature data and correlations.     

Thermal decomposition of hexamminecobalt(III) chloride

The results of comparative thermal analysis (TG-DTG-DTA-DSC) of the thermal decomposition of hexamminecobalt(III) chloride in air atmosphere are reported. The kinetics and mechanism of the thermal decomposition, the process enthalpy and the variation in specific thermal capacity of the solid product reaction with temperature were determined.     

N—烃氧丙酰基四氢噻唑—2—硫酮的合成

在三聚氯氰存在下由烃氧丙酸与四氢噻唑-2-硫酮反应得到N-烃氧丙酰四氢噻哇-2-硫酮(2a-i),由2a,c-h与格氏试剂反应得到烃氧乙基苯基酮(3a,c-h).产物2a-i未见报道.     

Matrix-Untersuchungen zu monomerem Kupfer(I)-chlorid und seinen Komplexen mit N2 und PN IR-spektroskopische Nachweise und ab-initio Rechnungen

Matrix-Investigations on Monomeric Copper(I) Chloride and its Complexes with N₂ and PN Ligands. IR Spectroscopic Results and ab-initio Calculation In solid argon the reaction of monomeric CuCl with N₂ yields ClCuN₂. On the basis of two absorptions in the ir-spectrum and their corresponding isotopic shifts (_14/15N) and with the help of a normal coordinate analysis, linearity of the molecule has been deduced. These results are confirmed by large scale ab-initio Calculations (CPF, MP2). Reaction of monomeric CuCl with molecular PN under matrix condition is shown to give rise to new absorptions in the IR spectrum which arev assigned to a linear molecule ClCuNP.     

A polymer onium acting as phase-transfer catalyst in halogen-exchange fluorination promoted by microwave

A polymerized quaternary ammonium salt polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride, exhibiting high stability to heat and base, was prepared and applied as phase-transfer catalyst (PTC) in halogen-exchange (Halex) fluorination of chloronitrobenzenes to give excellent yields of corresponding fluoronitrobenzenes. Dimethyl sulfoxide was found to be the best solvent when microwave was applied as heating resource.     

Highly stereoselective synthesis of peracylated α-aldopyranosyl chlorides from aldopyranose peracetates and thionyl chloride catalyzed by BiCl3 generated in situ from the procatalyst BiOCl

Aldopyranose peracetates react with thionyl chloride and BiCl₃, generated in situ from a substoichiometric amount of the procatalyst BiOCl, producing the corresponding peracylated aldopyranosyl chlorides in very good to excellent yields (82–97%) with exclusive α-anomeric selectivity.     

Local chain‐configuration dependence of the mechanisms of the chemical reaction of poly(vinyl chloride). IX. Novel results on stereoselectivity of chlorination reaction

A poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) sample was chlorinated in solution in the presence of 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile and by the fluid‐bed method. The aim was to evaluate the scope of the stereoselectivity of the chlorination reaction. The quantitative microstructural analysis of the residual PVC with a degree of chlorination was followed by ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. From the evolution of the content of isotactic (mm), heterotactic (mr), and syndiotactic (rr) triads and of mmmm, mmmr, and rmmr isotactic pentads in the unchlorinated parts of the polymer, it was unambiguously inferred that the chlorination reaction proceeds by a stereoselective mechanism in that the mr heterotactic triads are the most reactive structures followed by the isotactic triad at mmmr and rmmr pentads. This conclusion was confirmed on the basis of the Fourier transform infrared results. The results provide valuable information regarding the effect of tacticity and related local conformations in the chemical reactions of PVC. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 508–519, 2003     

A New Flow Instrument for Conductance Measurements at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures: Measurements on NaCl(aq) to 458 K and 1.4 MPa

A new flow electrical conductance instrument was constructed and tested on dilute NaCl solutions up to 458 K, and on more concentrated solutions (maximum 0.436 mol⋅kg⁻¹) at 373 K. The results of the new instrument agreed with those of previous authors within the estimated experimental errors. The model of Bernard et al. (J. Phys. Chem. 96, 3833–3840 (1992), MSA) was found to represent the high-temperature results without introducing an ion-pairing equilibrium constant. The Fuoss–Hsia conductance equation as given by Fernandez-Prini was found to represent the dilute concentrations with Λ° (NaCl) as the only adjustable parameter. It was found that Λ° (NaCl) could be expressed as a function of solvent viscosity and density by using three parameters found by regression of literature results between 278.15 and 523 K. This equation along with the FHFP theory permits the equivalent conductivity of dilute sodium chloride solutions to be calculated within the accuracy of the existing experimental measurements.     

Absorption spectra and the nature of complexes in the polyvinyl Alcohol-Nickel (II) chloride system

We have used electronic spectroscopy in the 160–1100 nm range to study the polyvinyl alcohol-nickel(II) chloride system. Based on the results obtained, we hypothesize formation of mixed-ligand complexes of the type [Ni(H₂O)_6-nCl_n]^2-n (n = 0, 1,..., 5) in the polyvinyl alcohol matrix. Transformation of the coordination sphere as the NiCl₂ concentration changes is apparent both in the region of the d-d transition bands (350–1100 nm) and in the region of the charge transfer bands (160–250 nm). We propose assigning the absorption bands separated by mathematical treatment to complexes of specific compositions. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 73, No. 1, pp. 136–138, January–February, 2006.