壳装炸药殉爆实验和数值模拟

进行了壳装固黑铝炸药殉爆实验,通过观察残留炸药、壳体和见证板变形,判断被发炸药的爆炸情况,得到了炸药临界殉爆距离。建立了壳装炸药殉爆实验计算模型,采用非线性有限元计算方法,对壳装固黑铝炸药殉爆实验进行了数值模拟。计算中采用预设壳体单元破片方法描述主发炸药壳体破片的形成和破片对被发炸药的撞击起爆,炸药临界殉爆距离的计算结果与实验结果基本一致。主要是主发炸药中部的壳体破片撞击到被发炸药,被发炸药起爆位置也在装药中部。炸药壳体厚度主要影响破片速度和质量、被发炸药的防护性能,从而影响炸药临界殉爆距离。 更多还原     

A Water‐Stable Terbium(III)–Organic Framework as a Chemosensor for Inorganic Ions,Nitro‐Containing Compounds and Antibiotics in Aqueous Solutions

Effective detection of organic/inorganic pollutants, such as antibiotics, nitro‐compounds, excessive Fe³⁺ and MnO₄^?, is crucial for human health and environmental protection. Here, a new terbium(III)–organic framework, namely [Tb(TATAB)(H₂O)]?2H₂O ( Tb‐MOF , H₃TATAB=4,4′,4′′‐s‐triazine‐1,3,5‐triyltri‐m‐aminobenzoic acid), was assembled and characterized. The Tb‐MOF exhibits a water‐stable 3D bnn framework. Due to the existence of competitive absorption, Tb‐MOF has a high selectivity for detecting Fe³⁺, MnO₄^?, 4‐nirophenol and nitroimidazole (ronidazole, metronidazole, dimetridazole, ornidazole) in aqueous through luminescent quenching. The results suggest that Tb‐MOF is a simple and reliable reagent with multiple sensor responses in practical applications. To the best of our knowledge, this work represents the first Tb^III‐based MOF as an efficient fluorescent sensor for detecting metal ions, inorganic anions, nitro‐compounds, and antibiotics simultaneously.     

Post-blast detection of traces of explosives by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

Samples obtained from debris after explosions of about 30 g of energetic materials were analyzed by means of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy using both, Globar and synchrotron infrared radiation at the ISMI beamline of the Singapore synchrotron light source (SSLS). Low- and high-strength-of-explosion blasts were performed during each test run with the same explosive material. From the spectroscopic measurements, traces of unreacted explosives were found on more than 200 different materials that served as sample catchers in the explosions.The integrality of the experiments done confirmed that FTIR spectroscopy is a sufficiently sensitive method to detect traces of explosives in post-blast residues even of high-strength explosions. The method requires only a minimal amount of sample and enables accurate and very fast identification of the presence of explosive material. Finally, the synchrotron radiation infrared source provided one order of magnitude higher sensitivity compared to the conventional Globar source.     

PBX炸药本构关系的实验研究

在SHPB装置上开展了某典型PBX炸药的单轴压缩、间接拉伸实验。利用入射波整形技术,结合 半导体应变片和石英晶体联合测试的方法,实现了PBX炸药的应力平衡和恒应变率加载,得到了不同应变率 下某PBX炸药的压缩应力应变曲线,初步建立了该炸药的修正Sargin唯象模型;开展了3种PBX炸药的动 态巴西实验,通过高速摄影获得了炸药的破坏过程,结合数字相关技术,获得了试样裂纹附近的应变场分布, 初步建立了描述3种炸药动态拉伸行为的修正Johnson-Cook模型。模型曲线与实验结果符合较好。     

三维显式有限元程序及炸药冲击起爆应用

冲击和爆炸数值模拟在军事工程和民用领域都应用广泛。基于显式有限元理论,本文介绍了自主研发的三维冲击和起爆流体动力学程序。该程序的功能包含了材料本构、状态方程、炸药反应速率方程和接触碰撞算法,能够模拟复杂条件下结构冲击和炸药起爆问题。由于采用面向对象的编程方法,程序结构相对简单并且容易修改。首先,进行了Taylor杆碰撞数值模拟,并将计算结果与实验结果以及DYNA2D结果进行了比较;接着,基于Lee-Tarver点火增长模型,模拟了冲击加载下裸炸药和带壳炸药的冲击起爆问题。计算结果表明,三维程序计算结果与实验值和商业软件结果都非常吻合,该程序能够较准确地模拟三维结构的冲击和炸药起爆问题。同时,基于面向对象开发的三维计算程序实现了模块化功能,易于后续开发,为冲击和爆炸计算程序的开发提供了参考。     

RDX/HMX颗粒炸药落锤撞击点火-燃烧机理

对单质炸药受低速撞击的力学和化学响应研究,是进行炸药敏感性评价的基础。利用配备了光学观测的落锤撞击装置,实现了频率为1.5×105 s-1的实时观测,不但可以区分样品的“爆”或“不爆”,而且可以获取RDX和HMX颗粒炸药受落锤低速撞击变形、破碎、溅射、点火和燃烧随时间演化的特征。结果表明:RDX颗粒是在液相中点火,而HMX颗粒在固相中点火; 燃烧反应前常常发生剧烈的溅射现象,溅射是由气相反应产物释放能量推动破碎的颗粒所致。对比了单个和单层颗粒炸药响应的特点,多个颗粒由于热点密集和破碎后相互作用,其燃烧反应比单个颗粒燃烧反应更剧烈。根据图像处理估算燃烧波传播速度,很好地表征了样品宏观燃烧反应的剧烈程度。     

伴随粒子法检测隐藏爆炸物安检仪研发

为应对日益增长的恐怖活动.研制了基于伴随α粒子的中子飞行时间技术的隐藏爆炸物安全检测仪。介绍了该安检仪检测的工作原理.详细阐述了安检仪的伴随α粒子探测器的DT中子管、屏蔽系统、支撑平台、阵列γ探测器、信号获取和处理系统、数据库、传输装置及外壳的研制过程。利用研制的安检仪对常用炸药和化学战剂进行了检测.结果表明该安检仪可以满足实际应用的需求。该仪器不仅可以用于安检通道内的爆炸物检测.通过训练也可以用于毒品和危化品的检测。     

Study on the relations of sensitivity with energy properties for HMX and HMX-based PBXs by molecular dynamics simulation

Molecular dynamics simulation was applied to study the structure and energy properties of β-HMX (β-cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine) crystal and its composite PBXs (polymer-bonded explosives) with F₂₃₁₁ as a polymer binder under different temperatures and F₂₃₁₁ concentrations. The interface interaction energy of HMX and F₂₃₁₁, the interaction energy E_N–N between N atoms in N–NO₂ trigger bond in HMX molecules, and the cohesive energy density (CED) are presented and analyzed. A meaningful finding is that there exists correlation between E_N–N and the sensitivity of β-HMX and its composites, i.e. the less the E_N–N is, the larger the sensitivity is. Additionally, molecular interactions are inherently disclosed by using pair correlation function (PCF) to analyze the interfacial structure between (1 0 0)HMX crystal surface and F₂₃₁₁ molecular chain.     

PBX炸药动态Brazilian试验及数值模拟研究

 开展了PBX炸药的动态Brazilian试验,获得了不同加载应变率条件下的拉伸强度;通过高速摄影,获得了PBX炸药试样表面裂纹的产生发展过程;采用数字散斑相关方法,获得了试样出现裂纹前的应变场分布。利用离散元方法,开展了考虑PBX炸药细观结构的动态Brazilian数值模拟,获得了损伤演化发展、并形成裂纹的全过程,模拟结果能初步再现PBX炸药的损伤破坏过程。